1. 1 Eng. Firas Alawneh Head of Photovoltaics (PV) Division National Energy Research Center (NERC) Royal Scientific Society (RSS) Amman-Jordan firas.alawneh@nerc.gov.jo Photovoltaic Applications

2. Outline Types of PV Systems –Standalone “off-grid” –Grid connected “on-grid” NERC’s PV projects implemented in Year 2014. NERC’s PV projects in progress. 2

3. 3 Types of PV Systems Standalone “off-grid” Grid-connected “on-grid” Without storage With storage Hybrid Systems directly connected to the public grid connected to public grid via house grid Motors “e.g. pumps” DC Systems AC Systems with wind turbine with diesel generator with public grid backup

4. 4 Off-grid / Without battery storage / Direct-coupled DC system PV Array DC Load

5. 5 Solar Water Heaters Off-grid / Without battery storage / Direct-coupled DC system

6. 6 Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned DC system PV Array DC Load DC/DC Power Conditioning Unit

7. 7 Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned DC system DC Submersible Water Pumping System PV ArrayDC/DC Pump Controller DC Submersible Pump Variable Voltage (Proportional to Solar Intensity)

8. 8 Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned AC system PV Array AC Load DC/AC Power Conditioning Unit

9. 9 Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned AC system AC Submersible Water Pumping System PV ArrayDC/AC Pump Controller AC Submersible Pump Variable Voltage & Frequency (Proportional to Solar Intensity)

10. 10 Off-grid / With battery storage / DC system PV Array DC Load Charge & Load Controller Battery

11. 11 Solar Home Systems & DC Industrial Systems PV Array DC Load Off-grid / With battery storage / DC system Battery Bank Charge & Load Controller

12. 12 Off-grid / With battery storage / AC system PV Array Charge Controller Battery DC/AC Inverter AC Load

13. 13 Solar Home Systems & AC Industrial Applications PV Array AC Load Off-grid / With battery storage / AC system Battery Bank Charge Controller DC/AC Inverter With fixed voltage & frequency

14. 14 Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System PV Array Charge Controller Battery DC/AC Inverter AC Load Other Source Power Conditioning Unit DC-Coupled

15. 15 Hybrid Solar/Wind PV Array AC Load Battery Bank Charge Controller Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System DC/AC Inverter Wind Turbine Wind Controller DC-Coupled

16. 16 Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System PV Array PV Inverter Battery DC/AC Inverter AC Load Other Source Power Conditioning Unit AC-Coupled Grid Former

17. 17 Inverters Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System AC Bus (3-phase) Hybrid Solar/Wind/Diesel AC-Coupled

18. 18 The grid is the network of cables by which electricity is transported from power stations to houses, buildings & other places. A grid connected PV system is linked to this grid or electrical network. This means that it can deliver the electricity it produces into the electricity network and therefore no battery or other storage is needed. On-grid PV Systems

19. 19 On-grid PV Systems

20. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEMS Net metering The difference between production-consumption is measured Feed-in tariff The total production of energy is measured 20

21. SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL GRID CONNECTED INVERTER Self-commutated inverter, with pulse width modulation and line frequency transformer Time Switches S1,S2 cooperate during one half-period - S3,S4 during next half-period Pulse width modulation PWM 21

22. 22 PV Power Plant Large PV power plants

23. 23 Large on-grid PV power plants

24. 24 Large Scale PV Systems

25. Building integrated photovoltaic systems BIPVs 25

26. 26 Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

27. NERC’s PV Projects Implemented in Year 2014 PV Street Lighting for Free Zone Muwaqar 1 MWp PV grid-connected system in Ma’an. 65 kWp PV grid-connected systems in Fefa. 27

28. NERC’s PV Projects in Progress FOSTErinMED (ENPI/CBC-MED). MED-SOLAR (ENPI/CBC-MED). PV Street Lighting in Mafraq. 700 kWp PV grid-connected system in Amman. 250 kWp PV grid-connected system in Amman 28

29. Thanks 29