1. Alexander the Great
Hero or Villain?

2. The following slides will provide you with some images and background information on the conquests of Alexander the Great.

3. This is Alexander the Great on horseback during his conquest of Thebes
This is Alexander the Great on horseback during his conquest of Thebes. In the background, his soldiers are destroying one of the city's buildings. The Thebans in the foreground are asking him for mercy. Although Alexander destroyed much of Thebes and sold many of its citizens into slavery, he spared some of its inhabitants, including the women kneeling by his horse in this image.

4. What two groups of people do you see here?
What are the soldiers in the background doing?
What details in the image suggest that the city is located in Greece?
What does the body language and facial expressions of the Thebans on the left tell you about their mood?
Why might a Theban woman be kneeling at the side of Alexander’s horse?

5. This is Alexander and his troops marching in front of the Sphinx in Giza, after taking over Egypt. Prior to this conquest, Egypt was ruled by the Persian Empire. The people in the foreground are Persians who have just lost control of Egypt. They are chained to be taken away as captives by Alexander's troops.

6. What do you see in this image?
What civilization created the monuments in the background?
What details in the image suggest that Alexander has conquered Egypt?
Why do you think the Persians in the foreground, but not the Egyptians, are in chains?
After conquering Egypt, Alexander made plans to found a new city there. Why might Alexander have selected Egypt as the site for a new city?

7. Alexander's troops burning and looting the main palace in Persepolis, the capital of Persian Empire. When Alexander conquered the Persians, he burned many of the grand buildings in Persepolis and destroyed or stole many of its royal treasures.

8. What you see in the image?
Describe some of the objects strewn on the ground.
What do these objects and the buildings in the background reveal about the civilization that created them?
What different types of people do you see? What are they doing? Based on their facial expressions and body language, how do these people feel about what they are doing?
Why would Alexander allow such a beautiful city to be destroyed?

9. Alexander the Great and his troops approaching the Indian king, Porus, along the River Hydaspes in India. Porus is offering his sword to Alexander as a gesture of surrender.

10. What do you see in this image?
What details suggest that this is India?
What two groups do you see?
What unique weapon does the group on the left have?
What might be some advantages and disadvantages of using elephants in battle?
Who seems to have won the battle?
Why would the Indian king on the left be offering his sword to Alexander?
How might Alexander’s forces have felt after traveling from Macedonia to Egypt
and across Asia to India?

11. This is a map of the conquests of Alexander the Great
This is a map of the conquests of Alexander the Great. The map shows the extent of Alexander’s empire in 323 BCE and indicates the major towns he founded and the cities he conquered.

12. What do you see on this map?
Where did Alexander make his first conquests? His last?
How far south did Alexander make conquests? How far east?
On how many continents did Alexander conquer people?
What challenges would a military leader face in conquering so many different places?

13. This is part of a Roman mosaic showing Alexander and the Persian king, Darius III, meeting in the battle of Issus. Alexander appears on the far left, while Darius is shown in a chariot toward the center. Based on a Greek painting that dates to the fourth century B.C.E., this first-century C.E. mosaic is believed to be the most reliable representation of Alexander's appearance in existence.

14. What do you see in the image?
What types of weapons are the soldiers using?
The two armies depicted in the image are from Macedonia and Persia. Which two men in the image are leading the armies?
Describe the two leaders. The man on the left is Alexander, who is often referred to as Alexander the Great. How do you think he got that title?
Why might some people refuse to refer to Alexander as ‘great’?