1. November 15 th and 16 th Turn in 5.4 homework and Essay #3 (Pre-AP only) Get papers off bookshelf Do Warm-Up #12 at your desk Write homework in your agenda

2. Agenda Warm-Up #12 Macedonia and Hellenistic Notes Alexander the Great: Hero or Villain? Alex the Great Map Activity Homework: 5.5 work and FINISH S.S. outlines

3. Essential Questions Why was Greece so easily conquered by Macedonia? What enabled Alexander the Great to conquer Persia? Why did the Egyptians welcome Alex and his soldiers? After reaching India, why did Alex agree to return home? What four civilizations influenced Hellenistic culture?

4. Ancient Greece Macedonia and Hellenistic Notes

5. Macedonia After the Peloponnesian War, Sparta and Athens continued to fight each other. Nearby in Macedonia, King Philip II was paying attention and dreamed of controlling Greece. Then he dreamed of moving through Persia and taking its wealth and power.

6. Macedonia Background Lots of mountains and a cold climate Lived in mountain villages rather than city-states Thought of themselves as Greeks Greeks looked down on them and considered them uncivilized

8. Macedonia Army Well-trained and professional army Phalanxes that were 16 men across and 16 deep Used 18-foot pikes to pave the way for cavalry strikes through enemy lines

9. Macedonia Conquering Greece Demosthenes tried to warn the Greeks of an attack by Philip and his army Finally, Athens and Thebes joined together to stop him, but it was too late The Macedonians defeated the Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea

10. Macedonia – The Fall of Philip II At his daughter’s wedding, a former guardsman stabbed Philip II to death Philip II’s son, Alexander, immediately declared himself king of Macedonia Alex later became known as Alexander the Great

11. Hellenistic Culture Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences

12. Hellenistic Culture - Alexandria Became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization Became an international community Had a rich mixture of customs and traditions from Egypt and the Aegean The center of scholarship shifted here from Athens Main areas of dominance were astronomy, math, physics, philosophy, and art

13. Ancient Greece Alexander the Great: Hero or Villain?

14. Alexander in Thebes Unified all of Greece by stopping rebellion Showed compassion toward some Theban citizens and priests Brutally stopped Theban fight for independence Killed 6,000 Thebans, sold 20,000 into slavery, destroyed the entire city

15. Alexander in Egypt Enthroned as a king Founded Alexandria, a great center for learning and Greek/Near East culture Only founded the site for Alexandria, did not help it grow and rise in power Excluded Egyptians role in the city’s development

16. Alexander in Persia Defeated the Persian army at Issus and conquered the empire Respected native people, religious tolerance, and appointed Persian governors Military campaign was brutal and it didn’t matter how many men died Destroyed and burned Persepolis, the Persian capital to the ground

17. Alexander in India Defeated king Porus Questioned Indian holy men to learn about Hinduism and culture Spent three years killing men and selling women and children into slavery Finally his own troops demanded they return home

18. Hero or Villain? Evidence Now, we’re going to look at some images from Alexander’s conquests. For each image, please look silently at first, then I will ask for volunteers to answer the following questions. What do you SEE? What do you think this scene is showing? Does this image show Alexander as a hero or a villain?