1. Chapter 10: Georgia in the Royal Period STUDY PRESENTATION
© 2010 Clairmont Press

2. Section 1: Government in Royal Georgia
Section 2: Economic Development in Royal Georgia
Section 3: Population Growth in Royal Georgia
Section 4: Society and Culture in Royal Georgia

3. 9/9/14
Prepare for your Chapter 9 Quiz – you have 5 minutes to review your notes.
You need a blue/black PEN!
Have your workbook with you – you will work on it after the quiz.
Verify that pp. 43, 47, 48, 49 are complete.
You will complete p. 50 today – please start it after you finish your quiz.

4. Chapter 10, Section 1: Government in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
How did the Royal Governor differ from the Trustees in governing Georgia?
What terms do I need to know?
French and Indian War
parish
vestry
cede

5. Government in Royal Georgia
Royal governor, appointed by the king :
called the legislature into session or dismissed it
granted land; commissioned ships
pardoned crime offenders; spent funds
served as commander-in-chief of the colony
12-member council, appointed by the king:
served as the upper house of a bicameral (two-house) legislature
included prominent local leaders
proposed and voted on laws

6. Government in Royal Georgia (cont’)
Commons House of Assembly:
considered to be lower house of legislature
proposed and voted on laws
initiated bills pertaining to money
Only white male landowners could vote or hold office

7. John Reynolds ( )
John Reynolds had been a captain in the British Royal Navy.
Colonists were happy to have a new beginning…at first.
Governor Reynolds tried to run the colony like the military:
Assembly was dismissed.
Council not consulted.
The resentment against Reynolds increased.
Reynolds was removed in 1757.

8. John Reynolds ( )

9. The French and Indian War
In 1754, the French and Indian War mostly took place far north of Georgia:
Britain & colonies vs. France, Spain, and Indian allies
Georgia was not affected much by the war.
Britain won
Treaty of Paris (1763):
Georgia’s western border now extended to the Mississippi River, not the Pacific Ocean.
The southern border of Georgia was extended to St. Mary’s River (what was it according to the charter?).

10. The French and Indian War

11. Henry Ellis
Henry Ellis ( ) worked in various ways to improve the colony:
forts built for better defense
Renewed pledges of friendship with micos
Georgia divided into eight parishes - both government and religious districts (like counties today).
Ellis had a positive impact on the colony but left due to poor health.
Original parishes of colonial Georgia.

12. James Wright
Georgia’s third and final royal governor, James Wright, was a good leader:
truly cared about the colony
worked hard to ensure Georgia grew in population and wealth
made Georgia his home (had 11 plantations and over 25,000 acres of land)
Treaty of Augusta: GA gained Creek Indian land; over 3 million acres for new settlement; 4 new parishes.

13. James Wright

14. Indian Land Cessions to 1773

15. 9/10/14 Take out your notebook and prepare to review and take notes.
What were the three parts of the royal government of Georgia?
What part of the royal government was elected by Georgians?
Who were the three royal governors?
Who served as royal governor the longest?
Which royal governor created parishes?
How did the French and Indian War change Georgia’s boundaries?

16. Chapter 10, Section 2: Economic Development in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
How did economic changes improve the lives of Georgia’s colonists?
What terms do I need to know?
naval stores
cash crop
headright system
tutor

17. Georgia’s Early Economy
Georgia’s economy was basically agricultural following the French and Indian War:
farmers grew subsistence crops (to feed self and family) & raised animals
Important cash crops of the period were rice and indigo.
Georgians continued to make money from their native pine trees (naval stores: timber and sap) and their fur and skin trade with the Indians.
Indigo plant used to make a purple-blue dye. Image: Public Domain.

18. Land Policy
There were three ways for settlers to acquire land in royal Georgia:
buy it
a gift/an inheritance
grant from the colonial government
Grants given under the headright system:
Free land to attract colonists
size of grant based on size of applicant’s household (100 acres plus 50 more for every household member)

19. The Growth of Towns
Most Georgians were farmers or planters, but towns and villages supported other occupations:
professionals included doctors and lawyers
communities had artisans (e.g., coopers, cartwrights, blacksmiths, carpenters, tanners, bakers, tailors, and tutors)
Removing land ownership restrictions & allowing slavery led to economic growth but also the development of unequal classes.

20. 9/11/14 Prepare to take a few notes on Chapter 10, Sections 3 & 4.
The faster we finish the more time you will have to complete your trustee Georgia assignment!

21. Chapter 10, Section 3: Population Growth in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
How did colonial Georgia grow under the rule of the Royal Governors?

22. Enslaved People in Georgia
Planters who grew rice and indigo relied on the labor of slaves from Africa
Georgia saw the growth of slavery to work rice and indigo plantations:
The work was dangerous (infected waters, alligators, poisonous snakes, and mosquitoes)
Most rice plantation slaves worked under the “task system” – assigned a certain number of tasks per day.
Received some food or clothing from their masters.
Not required to work on Sundays.
Some slaves learned special skills (e.g., carpentry) and could be hired out to make extra money for the owner.

23. 18th Century Slave Trade

24. Slave Codes In 1755, Georgia passed a Slave Code (code=set of laws):
Laws governed the behavior of slaves and masters.
The code was supposed to prevent mistreatment of slaves, but most of it dealt with what slaves could and could not do.

25. Chapter 10, Section 4: Society and Culture in Royal Georgia
Essential Question:
How did society and culture change in Georgia under the Royal Governors?

26. Religion Organized religion also grew under royal rule:
The Church of England (Anglican) became Georgia’s “official” church.
Lutherans, Puritans, Presbyterians, Jews, and Baptists also present in Georgia.
Many churches served both blacks and whites.

27. Education
Getting an education in colonial Georgia remained limited but did improve during the royal period:
School masters sometimes taught for a fee.
Many ministers, merchants and planters were educated.
Merchants and planters sometimes sent their sons to other colonies or England for an education.

28. Results of Royal Rule
By the end of the royal period, although not as strong or prosperous as the older colonies, Georgia had become more like the others.
Georgia economically prospered under royal rule
Idealism of the trustees (hopes for equality) was replaced by the reality of slavery and inequality of social classes

29. Trustee Colony 1732 - 1752 Royal Colony 1752 - 1776
Savannah R. , Altamaha R., Pacific Ocean (per the charter)
Board of Trustees
Ruled Colony
Land Ownership Restricted to 50 acres, plus a town lot for colonists on charity; 500 acre limit for others; women couldn’t inherit land
Slavery Prohibited until 1750
Royal Colony
1763: Savannah R., St. Marys R., Mississippi R.
King Ruled Colony with Royal Governor, Council, and House of Assembly
Limits on Land Ownership Removed. Land distributed under headright system (Family = 100 acres + 50 acres for each additional member, servant, or slave)
Slavery Allowed 29

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