1. Urban Settlement Patterns

2. Why Urban settlement?
Prior to agricultural revolution, every individual was required to find enough food to survive.
Agricultural Revolution – ancient times – 10,000 years ago - spared some people from agricultural work because farms produced food surpluses
This allowed people to become specialists in other fields (metal working, government, carpenter, medicine...)

3. Mesopotamia

4. Urban Land Use

5. Residential Where people live 40% of a cities lands
Ex. Single-family houses to apartment buildings
Low Density – Single Detached Housing

7. Residential Density – the number of housing units/hectare
Medium Density High Density
- Townhouses - Apartments

8. Transportation Land Use
Roads
Expressways, Arterial Roads, Collector Roads, Local Roads
Transit Systems – Train tracks
Facilities- Airports, Bus Station, Parking Lots

10. Low Order Goods Require only a small population
Used by a small amount of customers on a frequent basis
Ex. A Post Office, convenience store, elementary school, gas station

11. Middle Order Goods
Stores that sell entertainment, cars, clothing, office supplies...
Include family services such as doctors offices and hair salons
While we need these services from time to time, there are fewer customers shopping for them
Ex. high school, Canadian Tire, Silver City, Ford Dealership, Future Shop

14. High Order Goods Requires a large population
These goods and services are expensive and are purchased infrequently
Thus, you need a large population to establish one for business
Ex. Children’s Hospital, College and University, Sports team (major league), Ferrari Dealership, profession theatre/ concert

15. Commercial Land Use
About 5% of the city’s land is used for commercial activity
These activities include the buying and selling of goods and services in retail establishments, financial services, and other businesses
They provide jobs and bring money into the community.

16. Types of Commercial Land Use
1 –Local Service Centers
2 –Neighbourhood Plazas
3 –Community Shopping Centers
4 –Power Centers
5 –Regional Shopping Centers
6 –Downtown or Central Business District

17. Local Service Centres Street corner shops
Low order goods and services for people in surrounding area

18. Neighbourhood Plazas
Small shopping centres contain a number of small to medium sized stores with parking lots

19. Community Shopping Centres
Malls are found at major street intersections in large cities.
They are usually anchors for the mall.
Ex. Canadian Tire

20. Power Centres
The “Big Box” Stores found in Canada.
Companies that need a large amount of floor space for their store.
Famous Players, Best Buy, Staples, The Bay

21. Regional Shopping Centres
Large regional shopping malls that have specialized stores for high threshold pop.
Located near major highways and in large suburbs
High and middle order goods

22. Central Business District
The CBD is what most people call “downtown”
High demand for office space raises land value
Developers build tall buildings to maximize the use of this expensive land
Found in Canada’s largest cities

23. Industrial land Use On average, about 6% of urban land use
Light Industries – Maple Leaf foods
Heavy Industries – Ford, Dofasco
Warehouses – along the highway and traffic routes

24. Institutional Land Use
About 10% of urban land use
Schools
Government Buildings
Court Houses
Prisons

25. Parks and Recreation Space
About 7% of urban land use
City Parks
YMCA
Sports arenas
Pools...

26. 1. Basic vs Non-Basic Industry
Businesses that bring money into the community by attracting people into the community or selling outside of the community
Stelco, Ski Resort, Ford
Non-Basic Industry
Sells within the community, does not bring profits into the community
Grocery Store, fast food restaurant

27. Central Place Theory Good and services offered by Central Places
They vary in size and area and support a specific area
Threshold Population
The number of population needed to support a good or a service. The more expensive the good is the more population needed to support it

28. Central Place Theory

29. Multiplier Effect
Explains how a city will grow by the addition of a Basic Industry
Ratio – 1 Basic job will create 3 Non Basic Jobs
Ford Plant workers non-basic jobs will be created

31. Different Urban Places
Diversified Urban Centres
A City with many functions – Toronto, Vancouver
Services, Manufacturing, Transportation, Culture, Tourism
Resource Towns – Sudbury, Timmins
Manufacturing Cities- Hamilton, Sarnia
Transportation Cities- Thunder Bay
Tourist Cities – Collingwood, Banff
Government Centres – Ottawa, Fredericton