1. Chapter 6 – Rome and Early Christianity

2. Chapter 6 – Rome and Early Christianity

3. A she-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome
Section 1 – The Foundations of Rome
A she-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome

4. Section 1 – The Foundations of Rome
Main Idea
From a small town on the banks of an Italian river, Rome grew to control the entire Mediterranean region.
Reading Focus
Where and how did Roman civilization develop?
What led to Rome’s becoming a republic?
What were the major events in Rome’s expansion?

5. I. Roman Civilization Develops
The Seven Hills of Rome

6. A. Italy’s Geography
Italian Peninsula – situated in center of Med Sea. Rich soil, mild climate; Protected by mountains and sea

7. B. The Founding of Rome 1000s BC - Latins settled along Tiber River
753 BC - united to form Rome; prospered through trade

8. C. The Etruscans
700s B.C. – Etruscans from northern Italy ruled
Rome

10. II. Rome Becomes a Republic
509 BC – Romans overthrew the Etruscans,
established a republic
Tarquin the Proud was the last king of Rome. The story of the Rape of Lucretia was a popular tale which explained the downfall of Tarquin and Etruscans. Overcome with desire, Tarquin's son, Sextus, raped Lucretia. She told her husband what had happened and urged him to avenge her. She then took her own life, sparking a rebellion that brought about the end of Etruscan rule and the beginning of the Roman Republic.
Tarquin and Lucretia
by Titian (1571)

11. A. Patricians and Plebeians
Patricians - aristocrats who controlled society
Plebeians - common people

12. A. Patricians and Plebeians
494 BC - Invaders threatened, plebeians refused to fight; Patricians forced to expand plebeian rights
The Plebian struggle to win more rights became known as the “Conflict of the Orders”

13. The Twelve Tables on display in the Roman Forum
A. Patricians and Plebeians
New Plebeian rights:
- elect officials (tribunes)
- right to veto laws
- Law of the Twelve Tables
The Twelve Tables on display in the Roman Forum

14. B. Republican Government
Romans created an unwritten constitution and a three-part government

15. 1. Senate
300 members, advised officials, controlled finances, handled foreign relations

16. 2. Assemblies
Citizens who voted on laws and elected
officials

17. 3. Magistrates Included consuls, censors, and praetors Consuls Censor

18. a. Consuls
Elected for one year: chief executives and army commanders

19. b. Censors
Recorded people’s wealth and residence; filled Senate vacancies

20. c. Praetors
Judges and acting consuls; became military commanders or governors after term ended

21. B. Republican Government
System of checks and balances prevented
any part from becoming too powerful

23. C. Life in the Republic
The Forum was Rome’s political center; also shopping and social center

24. C. Life in the Republic
Forum was between Palatine (where wealthy lived) and Capitoline hills (had grandest temples)

25. C. Life in the Republic
Proud of agrarian roots; farming and landownership noblest ways to make money

26. C. Life in the Republic
Legend of Cincinnatus – called from farm, made dictator, saved Rome, and returned to his fields

27. III. The Republic Expands
As population grew, Rome fought wars to
expand territory

28. A. Military Might All land-owning male citizens aged 17 to 46
required to serve in army during times of war

29. A. Military Might Army was a disciplined, well-trained force,
organized into legions
Roman Legion: 4500 to 6000 men

30. A. Military Might Backbone of legion were the centurions,
officers who commanded 100 men

31. B. The Conquest of Italy By mid-200s BC, Rome controlled all the
Italian Peninsula south of the Rubicon

32. B. The Conquest of Italy Rome aided allies in Sicily, causing conflict
with Carthage

33. C. The Punic Wars Struggle for dominance resulted in three
conflicts lasting 80 years – the Punic Wars

34. C. The Punic Wars
First Punic War began in 264 BC; lasted 23
years

35. C. The Punic Wars Rome built a navy, used land warfare tactics at
sea – rammed and boarded Carthaginian ships

36. C. The Punic Wars After 23 years, Carthage sued for peace; were
forced to pay reparations and give up Sicily

37. C. The Punic Wars 218 BC - Second Punic War began;
Hannibal assembled an army of infantry,
cavalry, and elephants

38. C. The Punic Wars Marched across Alps into Italy; spent 15 years
raiding Italian countryside

39. C. The Punic Wars Rome invaded Africa and threatened Carthage;
Hannibal ordered home to defend the city

40. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236 - 184 BC)
C. The Punic Wars
202 BC - Scipio defeated Hannibal at the battle
of Zama; Carthage lost its power
Victory of the Roman Scipio Africanus over the Carthaginian Hannibal. It was the last and decisive battle of the Second Punic War
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus ( BC)

41. C. The Punic Wars 149 -146 BC: Third Punic War - Rome declared
war against, besieged, and then
destroyed Carthage
"The Sack of Carthage"

42. D. The Conquest of Greece
Macedonia, Persia, and Egypt fought
constantly; Greeks became Rome’s ally

43. D. The Conquest of Greece
Macedonia, Persia defeated, made Roman
provinces; Romans then annexed Greece
Rome added Spain, Carthage, Macedonia and Greece, after the Punic and Macedonian Wars

44. D. The Conquest of Greece
Romans adopted elements of Greek culture,
especially art, architecture, and religion
Discus Thrower (Discobolus), Roman copy of Greek bronze by Myron (c BC)

45. D. The Conquest of Greece
By 133 BC, Rome was the supreme power in
the Mediterranean world

46. D. The Conquest of Greece
Conquered peoples became subjects of Rome,
not citizens or allies