1. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
STANDARD(S): Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
Explain how business and government cooperated during the war.
Show how the government promoted the war.
Describe the attacks on civil liberties that occurred.
Summarize the social changes that affected African Americans and women.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
Commitment
Attitude
CARES
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

3. Section 3
The War at Home
World War I spurs social, political, and economic change in the United States.
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4. SECTION 3: THE WAR AT HOME
The entire U.S. economy was focused on the war effort
The shift from a consumer economy to war economy required a collaboration between business and government
In the process, the power of the U.S. government expanded
Congress gave President Wilson direct control over the economy

5. Guided Reading: What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board –
Encouraged companies to use mass production techniques and standardize products.

6. The War at Home Congress Gives Power to Wilson War Industries Board 3
SECTION
The War at Home
Congress Gives Power to Wilson
War Industries Board
• Economy shifts from producing consumer goods to war supplies
• Congress gives president direct control of much of the economy
• War Industries Board is main regulatory body
- urges mass-production, standardizing products
• Bernard M. Baruch, prosperous businessman, is head of board
• Railroad Administration, Fuel Administration also control industries
• Conservation measures adopted by public, nation
Continued . . .
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7. WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD
The War Industries Board (WIB) encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques
Under the WIB, industrial production and wages increased 20%
Union membership almost doubled during the war years – from 2.5 million to 4 million
To deal with disputes between management and labor, President Wilson set up the National War Labor Board in 1918
Poster encouraging production

8. Chapter 11 Section 3
A – Why would labor disputes affect the war effort?
Labor disputes would slow down production and jeopardize the American war effort.

9. 3
SECTION
continued Congress Gives Power to Wilson
War Economy
Industrial wages rise; offset by rising costs of food, housing
Large corporations make enormous profits
Unions boom from dangerous conditions, child labor, unfair pay
Wilson creates National War Labor Board to settle disputes
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11. 3
SECTION
continued Congress Gives Power to Wilson
Food Administration
Food Administration under Herbert Hoover works to produce, save food
Encourages public conservation, increase of farm production
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12. VICTORY GARDENS
To conserve food, Wilson set up the Food Administration (FA)
The FA declared one day a week “meatless” another “sweetless” and two days “wheatless”
Homeowners planted “victory gardens” in their yards
Schoolchildren worked after-school growing tomatoes and cucumbers in public parks
Farmers increased production by almost 30% by adding 40 million acres of farmland

15. Guided Reading: What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
Railroad Administration –
Controlled the nations railroads, prioritize war deliveries and use of railroads.

16. Guided Reading: What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
Fuel Administration –
Regulated Coal supplies, rationed gasoline, heating oil and introduced daylight-savings time.

18. Guided Reading: What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
National War Labor Board –
Resolved labor disputes, pushed for improved working conditions.

21. Guided Reading: What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
5. Food Administration –
Encouraged less consumption, tripled shipments to allies, and set high prices for wheat and other staples.

26. Selling the War War Financing 3
SECTION
Selling the War
War Financing
U.S. spends $35.5 billion on war effort
1/3 paid through taxes, 2/3 borrowed through sale of war bonds
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27. SELLING THE WAR
The U.S. had two major tasks; raising money and convincing the public to support the war
The U.S. spent $35.5 billion on the war effort
The government raised about 1/3 of that through an income tax and “sin” taxes
The rest was raised through war bonds sold to the public (Liberty Loans & Victory Loans)

32. Selling the War Committee on Public Information 3
SECTION
Selling the War
Committee on Public Information
Propaganda—biased communication designed to influence people
Former muckraker George Creel heads Committee on Public Information
Creel produces visual works, printed matter to promote war
Gets volunteers to speak about war, distribute materials
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33. PROPAGANDA
To popularize the war, the government set up the nations first propaganda agency called the Committee on Public Information (CPI)
George Creel led the agency and persuaded many of the nation’s artists to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons and sculptures to promote the war

34. Guided Reading: What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
Committee on Public Information –
Mobilized the nations artists and advertising people to popularize the war.
Recruited 75,000 to give speeches in favor of the war.

35. B – How did the government raise money for the war effort?
The govt. raised some money through increased taxes,
And some through the sale of “war bonds”

36. Attacks on Civil Liberties Increase3
SECTION
Attacks on Civil Liberties Increase
Anti-Immigrant Hysteria
Attacks against immigrants, especially from Germany, Austria-Hungary
Suppression of German culture—music, language, literature
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37. ATTACK ON CIVIL LIBERTIES
As the war progressed, Civil Liberties were compromised
Anti-Immigrant feelings were openly expressed especially anti-German and Austrian- Hungarian
Socialists and labor leaders were targeted
Any anti-American sentiments were targeted during wartime

38. Attacks on Civil Liberties Increase3
SECTION
Attacks on Civil Liberties Increase
Espionage and Sedition Acts
• Espionage and Sedition Acts—person can be fined, imprisoned for:
- interfering with war effort, speaking against government
• Violate 1st amendment; prosecute loosely defined antiwar activities
- target socialists, labor leaders
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39. ATTACK ON CIVIL LIBERTIES
Espionage and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress
Espionage – spying against your country.
Sedition – criticizing the govt.
These acts were designed to prevent anti-war protests but went against the spirit of the First Amendment (Free speech)
Any anti-American sentiments were targeted during wartime

40. C – What effect did the war have on the lives of recent immigrants?
Recent immigrants suffered persecution;
German immigrants and those of German descent suffered the bitterest of attacks.

41. D – What impact did the Espionage and Sedition Acts have on free speech?
The Acts led to thousands of prosecutions;
People were fired from their jobs;
Antiwar newspapers and magazines lost their mailing privileges.

42. The War Encourages Social Change3
SECTION
The War Encourages Social Change
African Americans and the War
Du Bois urges support for war to strengthen call for racial justice
Most African Americans support war
Some think victims of racism should not support racist government
Continued . . .
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44. The War Encourages Social Change3
SECTION
The War Encourages Social Change
The Great Migration
• Great Migration—large-scale movement of Southern blacks to North
- escape racial discrimination
- take up new job opportunities
• Press of new migrants intensifies racial tensions in North
Continued . . .
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45. The Great Migration
The greatest effect of the First World War on the African American population was that it accelerated the Great Migration
The Great Migration was the large scale population shift for hundreds of thousands of blacks from the south to Northern cities
SOCIAL CHANGE DURING THE WAR: This African American family settled in Chicago

46. The Great Migration
They left to escape discrimination and to seek greater job opportunities
Popular destinations included Chicago, New York and Philadelphia

47. Guided Reading: What changes did the war bring about for the following groups of Americans?
African Americans –
The Great Migration involved the massive movement of Blacks from the southern rural areas to the Northern cities.
The first African Americans commissioned officers allowed to serve.

48. E – How did the war open opportunities for African Americans?
WWI increased job opportunities for African Americans in
steel mills,
monition plants,
and stockyards.

49. F – What effect did the war have on women’s lives?
Women moved into jobs that had been held exclusively by men.

50. G – How did wartime conditions help spread the flu?
In the army, living conditions allowed for contagious illness to spread.

51. Guided Reading: What changes did the war bring about for the following groups of Americans?
Immigrants –
Many lost their jobs;
Some were attacked and killed.

52. 3
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continued The War Encourages Social Change
Women in the War
Many women take jobs in heavy industry previously held by men
Many do volunteer work for war effort
Some active in peace movement; Women’s Peace Party founded 1915
Women’s effort bolsters support for suffrage; 19th Amendment passes
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53. Rosie the Riveter was the symbol of women’s war contributions
WOMEN IN THE WAR
Many women were called upon to take on jobs previously held by men who were serving in the war
They became railroad workers, cooks, dockworkers, factory workers, and miners
Many women served as volunteers in organizations such as the Red Cross
Their service hastened the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote
Rosie the Riveter was the symbol of women’s war contributions

54. Guided Reading: What changes did the war bring about for the following groups of Americans?
Women –
Many women moved into jobs traditionally held by men.
Women’s wartime efforts encouraged passage of the 19th amendment- which gave women the right to vote.

55. 3
SECTION
continued The War Encourages Social Change
The Flu Epidemic
International flu epidemic of 1918 has devastating effect on economy
As many as 30 million people die worldwide
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56. THE FLU EPIDEMIC
In the fall of 1918, the United States suffered a home-front crises when a flu epidemic affected 25% of the population
Mines shut down, telephone service was cut in half, factory work was delayed
Cities ran short on coffins while corpses lay unburied for as long as a week
The epidemic killed as many as 500,000 in the U.S. before it disappeared in 1919
Worldwide the epidemic killed 30 million people
Seattle, like many other places, became a masked city. All police wore them, as shown in this photo from "The Great Influenza"

57. John Meints was tarred and feathered in Minnesota during World War I (ca ) for not supporting war bond drives. [1]