1. A Comparison of International Rating Tools 16th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference June Stockholm
Richard Reed Anita Bilos
Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte
Deakin University IRE|BS University Regensburg Australia Germany

2. International rating tools The need for global rating tools
Overview
International rating tools
The need for global rating tools
The development of rating tools from an international perspective
An international comparison of BREEAM, LEED, Green Star, CASBEE and DGNB
Difficulties with comparing rating tools
Conclusion and further research

3. Figure 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools
Source: IRE|BS

4. Figure 2. Countries with Established or Emerging Rating Tools
Source: IRE|BS

5. Figure 3. Countries with Various Rating Tool Development Levels
Source: IRE|BS

6. Figure 4. LEED and BREEAM based Rating Tools
Source: IRE|BS

7. Figure 5. Countries with Rating Tools only accepted by WGBC
Source: IRE|BS

8. Figure 6. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries
Source: IRE|BS

9. Table 1. Main Rating Tools – ‘A Greener Profession’ (2007)
UK and Europe
Americas
Rest of the World
BREEAM (inc Eco-homes)
LEED (US & Canada)
Greenstar (Australia)
The Green Guide to Specification
U.S. DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) Design Guide (US)
BEAM (Hong Kong)
Office Scorer
WBDG (Whole Building Design Guide) (US)
LEED (China and India)
ENVEST
HOK Sustainable Design Guide (US)
Greenmark (Singapore)
Sustainability Checklists (e.g. SEEDA; BRE)
BREEAM Canada (Canada)
GBTool (South Africa)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Source: RICS 2007

10. Table 2. Existing Rating Tools
Source: IRE|BS

11. Figure 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools
BREEAM
LEED
Green Star
CASBEE
DGNB
Launch Date
1990
1998
2003
2004
2009
Ratings
PASS/GOOD/VERY GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING
Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinum
One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star
C/B-/B+/A/S
Gold, Silver, Bronze
Weightings
Applied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation)
All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting
Applied to each issue category (industry survey based)
Highly complex weighting system applied at every level
Applied to each issue category
Information Gathering
Design/management team or assessor
Design/management team or Accredited Professional
Design team
Design/management team
Third Party Valuation
BRE
N/A
GBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors
Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium)
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS)
Certification labelling
USGBC (United States Green Buildings Council)
GBCA
JSBC
Update Process
Annual
As required
Governance
UK Accreditation Service (UKAS)
USGBC
Required qualification
Competent persons scheme
Passed exam
Training scheme and exam
Assessor/AP CPD requirements
Carry out at least one assessment per year
No CPD requirements
Status renewed every three years
No CPD requirements at this moment
Compound Annual Growth Rate
93% ( )
86% ( )
Not available
Assessment Collation Fee*
£2000-£10000 ($ )
Up to £37,770 ($75000)
£ ($ )
Unknown
6.000 – €
Certification fee
£740-£1500 ($ )
£1133-£11331 ($ )
£2550-£7185 ($ )
Cost of credit appeals
Free
£252 ($500)
£403 ($800)
Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance
Free/unlimited number
£111 ($220) unlimited number
Free/Maximum of two
Number of units certified**
110808
1823 50 23
19 certified, 28 pre-certification
Domestic
109450
540
All
Non-Domestic
1358
1283 -
Availability of assessment information
Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses
The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200)
The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444)
The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English.
Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English.

12. Table 4. Issue weighting comparison table
DGNB
Ecological Quality
22,5
Economical Quality
Socio-cultural and Functional Quality
Technical Quality
Quality of process 10
Source: BRE2008 & DGNB

13. Table 5. A Broad Comparison of Four Rating Tools
Gold
Silver
Bronze
DGNB
Source: BRE2008 modified by Authors

14. Table 6. A Broad Comparison of Four Rating ToolsUK
UK/EU
Hong Kong
Japan
Germany
Australia
France
USA
Italy
Assessment Criteria
BREEAM
CFSH*
EPCs
DECs
BEAM
CASBEE
DGNB-Seal
Green Star
HQE
LEED
Protocol ITACA
Energy X
CO2
Ecology
Economy ?
Health and Wellbeing
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation
Land Use
Management
Materials
Pollution
Renewable Technologies
Transport
Waste
Water
Source: Kings Sturge 2009, modified by Authors

15. Global set of ‘benchmark’ parameters are established for rating tools
Conclusion and further research
Global set of ‘benchmark’ parameters are established for rating tools
Individual characteristics of each country are considered e.g. water (flooding vs. drought)
Include all buildings, not just new buildings
Further research is conducted to remove confusion between rating tools

16. contact
Richard Reed Anita Bilos
Deakin University IRE|BS Australia Germany