1. A Comparison of International Rating Tools 17th Annual E uropean R eal E state S ociety C onference 23 - 26 June 2010 Milano Richard Reed Anita Bilos Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte Deakin University IRE|BS University Regensburg Australia Germany

2. 2 Overview 1. Overview 2. Challenges facing the rating of sustainable buildings 3. Complex systems of sustainable rating tools 4. Comparison of sustainable rating tools 5. Current questions about rating tools 6. Where are rating tools heading?

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6 Figure 1. Diversity of Climatic Zones

7. 7 Figure 2. Complex System of International Rating Tools Source: IRE|BS

8. 8 Figure 3. Countries with Various Rating Tool Development Levels Source: IRE|BS

9. 9 Figure 4. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries Source: IRE|BS

10. 10 BREEAMLEEDGreen StarCASBEEDGNB Launch Date19901998200320042009 RatingsPASS/GOOD/VERY GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinu m One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star C/B-/B+/A/SGold, Silver, Bronze WeightingsApplied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation) All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting Applied to each issue category (industry survey based) Highly complex weighting system applied at every level Applied to each issue category Information GatheringDesign/management team or assessor Design/management team or Accredited Professional Design teamDesign/management teamDesign/management team or Accredited Professional Third Party ValuationBREN/AGBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium) Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS) Certification labellingBREUSGBC (United States Green Buildings Council) GBCAJSBCDGNB Update ProcessAnnualAs requiredAnnualAs required GovernanceUK Accreditation Service (UKAS) USGBCGBCAJSBCDGNB Required qualificationCompetent persons schemePassed examTraining scheme and examN/ATraining scheme and exam Assessor/AP CPD requirements Carry out at least one assessment per year No CPD requirementsStatus renewed every three years N/ANo CPD requirements at this moment Compound Annual Growth Rate 93% (1998-2007)86% (2002-2007)Not available Assessment Collation Fee* £2000-£10000 ($3971- 19857) Up to £37,770 ($75000)£2015-4030 ($4002-8004)Unknown6.000 – 15.000 Certification fee£740-£1500 ($1469-2979)£1133-£11331 ($2250- 22500) £2550-£7185 ($5063-14268)Unknown Cost of credit appealsFree£252 ($500)£403 ($800)Unknown Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance Free/unlimited number£111 ($220) unlimited number Free/Maximum of twoUnknown Number of units certified** 1108081823502319 certified, 28 pre- certification Domestic109450540N/A All Non-Domestic135812835023- Availability of assessment information Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200) The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444) The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English. Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English. Table 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools

11. 11 Table 2. Issue weighting comparison table Source: BRE2008 & DGNB DGNB Ecological Quality22,5 Economical Quality22,5 Socio-cultural and Functional Quality 22,5 Technical Quality22,5 Quality of process10

12. 12 Current questions about rating tools…

13. 13 Is a five star building with one rating system directly comparable with a building using another rating system?

14. 14

15. 15 Table 3. A Broad Comparison of Four Rating Tools Source: BRE2008 modified by Authors Gold Silver Bronze DGNB ? ? ?

16. 16 Which rating system is the most popular or which tool is the cheapest ?

17. 17 BREEAMLEEDGreen StarCASBEEDGNB Launch Date19901998200320042009 RatingsPASS/GOOD/VERY GOOD/EXCELLENT/ OUTSTANDING Certified/Silver/Gold/Platinu m One Star/Two Star/Three Star/Four Star/Five Star/Six Star C/B-/B+/A/SGold, Silver, Bronze WeightingsApplied to each issue category (consensus based on scientific/open consultation) All credits equally weighted, although the number of credits related to each issue is a de facto weighting Applied to each issue category (industry survey based) Highly complex weighting system applied at every level Applied to each issue category Information GatheringDesign/management team or assessor Design/management team or Accredited Professional Design teamDesign/management teamDesign/management team or Accredited Professional Third Party ValuationBREN/AGBCA (Green Building Council of Australia) nominated assessors Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium) Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS) Certification labellingBREUSGBC (United States Green Buildings Council) GBCAJSBCDGNB Update ProcessAnnualAs requiredAnnualAs required GovernanceUK Accreditation Service (UKAS) USGBCGBCAJSBCDGNB Required qualificationCompetent persons schemePassed examTraining scheme and examN/ATraining scheme and exam Assessor/AP CPD requirements Carry out at least one assessment per year No CPD requirementsStatus renewed every three years N/ANo CPD requirements at this moment Compound Annual Growth Rate 93% (1998-2007)86% (2002-2007)Not available Assessment Collation Fee* £2000-£10000 ($3971- 19857) Up to £37,770 ($75000)£2015-4030 ($4002-8004)Unknown6.000 – 15.000 Certification fee£740-£1500 ($1469-2979)£1133-£11331 ($2250- 22500) £2550-£7185 ($5063-14268)Unknown Cost of credit appealsFree£252 ($500)£403 ($800)Unknown Credit interpretation requests cost/allowance Free/unlimited number£111 ($220) unlimited number Free/Maximum of twoUnknown Number of units certified** 1108081823502319 certified, 28 pre- certification Domestic109450540N/A All Non-Domestic135812835023- Availability of assessment information Estimator tools are available free of charge. Guidance is currently only available to people who attend the training courses The tools are available free of charge and technical guidance is available for £100 ($200) The tools are available free of charge and the technical manual is available for £224 ($444) The assessment tool and guidance is available free of charge in Japanese and English. Guidance and checklists are only available for DGNB member. The website with general information is available in English. Table 1. Complex System of International Rating Tools

18. 18 Where are rating tools heading ?

19. 19 Figure 5. Timeline of the Development of Rating Tools in Different Countries Source: IRE|BS 2015 2020 2025 2030

20. 20 International rating tools are very complex Substantial differences between each rating tool Little movement towards a generic rating tool Stakeholders need to discuss current challenges e.g. at conferences Where are rating tools heading? On-going research is required Conclusion and further research

21. A Comparison of International Rating Tools 17th Annual E uropean R eal E state S ociety C onference 23 - 26 June 2010 Milano Richard Reed Anita Bilos Sara Wilkinson Karl Werner-Schulte Deakin University IRE|BS University Regensburg Australia Germany