1. Awareness in Agriculture Biosecurity and Agroterror in the Livestock Industry

2. What Is Biosecurity? “Biosecurity is a set of management practices that prevent infectious diseases from being carried into a herd.” Larry A. Schuler, DVM Larry A. Schuler, DVM IT’S NOT JUST ABOUT BIOTERRORISM

3. You Are Not Alone Extension Specialists Private Veterinarians Private Veterinarians State/Federal Health Officers It’s their job to help! It’s their job to help!

4. The First Step Recognizing Multiple Risks –Purchased animals –Purchased products –Visitors and suppliers –Neighbor’s herd –Other animals –Wildlife –Employees –Public events (rodeos, shows, etc.)

5. The Bottom Line Can I afford a major outbreak? Can I afford a major outbreak? –Probably not How much can I afford to prevent an outbreak? How much can I afford to prevent an outbreak? What are my options? What are my options? Who can help? Who can help?

6. Take a Look… Sandhills Calving System Before Adoption After Adoption 6 – 14 % death loss 0 % death loss $3,114 vet expenses $128.83 vet expenses

7. What is Agroterror? “Agroterror is the use of biological agents to cause economic destruction of the agriculture industry.” Jon Van Berkom, DVM

8. Agroterror Incidents Agroterror Incidents DatePerpetratorLocationTargetAgents 1915-1918Germany U.S., Europe, Argentina Livestock Glanders, Anthrax Glanders, Anthrax 1952 Mau Mau KenyaCattle Plant Toxins 1978-1980 Rhodesian Security Forces RhodesiaCattleAnthrax 1982-1984 Russian Army AfghanistanHorsesGlanders 1997 New Zealand Farmers New Zealand Rabbits Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

9. Agents of Agroterrorism Foot and mouth disease Foot and mouth disease Swine vesicular disease Swine vesicular disease Peste des petits ruminants Peste des petits ruminants Lumpy skin disease Lumpy skin disease African horse sickness African horse sickness Classical swine fever Classical swine fever Newcastle disease Newcastle disease

10. More Agents Rinderpest Rinderpest Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Rift Valley fever Rift Valley fever Sheep pox and goat pox Sheep pox and goat pox African swine fever African swine fever Highly pathogenic avian influenza Highly pathogenic avian influenza

11. Characteristics of a Biological Attack Difficult to detect release Difficult to detect release Dissemination may cover large area Dissemination may cover large area Recognition of agent may be delayed days to weeks Recognition of agent may be delayed days to weeks Difficult to catch perpetrator Difficult to catch perpetrator Possible animal-to-animal, animal-to-person or person-to-person spread Possible animal-to-animal, animal-to-person or person-to-person spread

12. Economic Effects Recent U.S. disease cost examples Recent U.S. disease cost examples –Highly pathogenic avian influenza in 1983  $349 million –Exotic newcastle disease in 1998  $400 million Hypothetical losses if outbreak should occur in U.S. Hypothetical losses if outbreak should occur in U.S. –African swine fever  $3.2 billion –Foot and mouth disease  $27 billion

13. Trade Impact 24 Hours or No Trade

14. You Can Help The first step is awareness. Thank you for making this commitment! Thank you for making this commitment!