1. Rocket Power – Part 2 Introduction to Rockets and Missiles Scott Schoneman 4 Nov 03

2. Agenda What is a rocket? What is a rocket? Definitions and Equations Definitions and Equations Types of Rocket Propulsion Types of Rocket Propulsion Launch Vehicles and Missiles Launch Vehicles and Missiles

3. Launch Vehicles vs. Missiles Launch Vehicle: Carries a Payload (Suborbital or Orbital) Launch Vehicle: Carries a Payload (Suborbital or Orbital) Missile: Carries a Warhead and is Used as a Weapon (Suborbital and/or Aerodynamic) Missile: Carries a Warhead and is Used as a Weapon (Suborbital and/or Aerodynamic) Space Launch Vehicle (Sea Launch) Missile (Standard Missile)

4. Stinger Shoulder-Launched Missile Designation: FIM-92A (Raytheon) Designation: FIM-92A (Raytheon) Length - 5 feet (1.5 meters) Length - 5 feet (1.5 meters) Diameter - 2.75 inches (7 cm) Diameter - 2.75 inches (7 cm) Weight - 22 pounds (10 kg) Weight - 22 pounds (10 kg) Weight with launcher - 34.5 pounds (15.2 kg) Weight with launcher - 34.5 pounds (15.2 kg) Explosives - 2.2 pounds, impact fuze Explosives - 2.2 pounds, impact fuze Speed - 1,500 mph (2,400 kph, Mach 2) Speed - 1,500 mph (2,400 kph, Mach 2) Altitude Range - Approximately 11,000 feet (3 km) Altitude Range - Approximately 11,000 feet (3 km) Distance Range - Approximately 5 miles (8 km) Distance Range - Approximately 5 miles (8 km)

5. A Couple of Air Launched Missiles…. AIM-9X AMRAAM

6. A Few Space Launch Vehicles 1 Soyuz (Russia) 7 Delta II (US) 2 Proton (Russia) 8 Atlas II (US) 3 Energia/Buran (Russia) 9 Titan III (US) 4 Ariane 4 (ArianeSpace) 10 Titan IV (US) 5 Ariane 5 11 Space Shuttle (US) 6 Long March (China) 12 H-IIA (Japan)

7. Pegasus Space Launch Vehicle Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp Air-Launched from L-1011 at 40,000 ft Air-Launched from L-1011 at 40,000 ft ~1000 lbm to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (100 nm) ~1000 lbm to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (100 nm)

8. Pegasus Launch Vehicle

9. Sea Launch Space Launch Vehicle Partners: Boeing; RSC Energia; SDO Yuzhnoye/PO Yuzhmash; Kvaerner Partners: Boeing; RSC Energia; SDO Yuzhnoye/PO Yuzhmash; Kvaerner Uses Russian Zenit Launch Vehicle Uses Russian Zenit Launch Vehicle All Stages Kerosene/LOX All Stages Kerosene/LOX 200 ft tall x 14 ft Dia. 200 ft tall x 14 ft Dia. 6,000kg (13,227 lb) to GTO 6,000kg (13,227 lb) to GTO

10. Delta Launch Vehicles Manufacturer: Boeing Manufacturer: Boeing Delta II - 891 to 2,142 kg (1,965 to 4,723 lb) GTO and from 2.7 to 6.0 metric tons (5,934 to 13,281 lb) to low-Earth orbit (LEO). Delta II - 891 to 2,142 kg (1,965 to 4,723 lb) GTO and from 2.7 to 6.0 metric tons (5,934 to 13,281 lb) to low-Earth orbit (LEO). Delta III - 3,810 kg (8,400 lb) to GTO (Approx 2x Delta II) Delta III - 3,810 kg (8,400 lb) to GTO (Approx 2x Delta II) Delta IV (EELV) Delta IV (EELV) Medium: 4,210 kg (9,285 lb) to GTO Medium: 4,210 kg (9,285 lb) to GTO Heavy: 13,130 kg (28,950 lb) to GTO Heavy: 13,130 kg (28,950 lb) to GTO

11. Atlas Space Launch Vehicles Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Atlas II - payloads mass from 6,200 lb (2,812 kg) to 8,200 lb (3,719 kg) to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). Atlas II - payloads mass from 6,200 lb (2,812 kg) to 8,200 lb (3,719 kg) to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). Atlas III - payloads up to 9,920 lb (4,500 kg) to GTO. Atlas III - payloads up to 9,920 lb (4,500 kg) to GTO. EELV Atlas V family is capable of lifting payloads up to 19,114 lb (8,670 kg) to GTO. EELV Atlas V family is capable of lifting payloads up to 19,114 lb (8,670 kg) to GTO.

12. Titan Launch Vehicles Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Titan II: Up to 4,200 lb (1909 kg) into polar low- Earth orbit Titan II: Up to 4,200 lb (1909 kg) into polar low- Earth orbit Titan II w/ GEM Strap-Ons: Up to 7,800 lb (3545.5 kg) to polar low-Earth orbit Titan II w/ GEM Strap-Ons: Up to 7,800 lb (3545.5 kg) to polar low-Earth orbit Titan IV: >47,800 lb into LEO or > 12,700 lb into geosynchronous orbit Titan IV: >47,800 lb into LEO or > 12,700 lb into geosynchronous orbit

13. Ariane Space Launch Vehicles Manufacturer: Arianespace (European Consortium) Manufacturer: Arianespace (European Consortium) Ariane 5: 10,000 kg (22,000 lbm) to GTO Ariane 5: 10,000 kg (22,000 lbm) to GTO Launch Site: French Guiana Launch Site: French Guiana

14. Soyuz Launch Vehicle

15. Black Arrow Propulsion: Propulsion: Stages 1 & 2: Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 )/ Kerosene Stages 1 & 2: Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 )/ Kerosene Stage 3: Solid Stage 3: Solid First (and Only) British Space Launch Vehicle First (and Only) British Space Launch Vehicle Launched “Prospero” Satellite in 1971 Launched “Prospero” Satellite in 1971

16. Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS) Manufacturer: Orbital Manufacturer: Orbital Used to Raise Spacecraft from Shuttle Orbit to Higher Orbits (or Escape Velocity) Used to Raise Spacecraft from Shuttle Orbit to Higher Orbits (or Escape Velocity)

17. Short-Range Target Vehicle Medium-Range Target Vehicle Long-Range Target Vehicle Missile Defense Interceptor Boost Vehicle Pegasus Space Launch Vehicle Minotaur Space Launch Vehicle Taurus Space Launch Vehicle Suborbital and Target Vehicles Space Launch Vehicles Interceptor Vehicles 0 20 40 60 80 100 ft Length (Feet) Orbital Launch Vehicle Family

18. Minotaur Space Launch Vehicle Upper Stack Assembly (USA)  50 In. Pegasus Payload Fairing  OSP-Standard Avionics Inertial Guidance Inertial Guidance Modular Avionics Components Modular Avionics Components  Pegasus Avionics Structure and RCS  Orion-38 Insertion Stage 4  Orion-50XL Stage 3  Interstage Lower Stack Assembly (LSA)  Minuteman II Boosters: Stages 1 & 2 Solid Rocket Motors Solid Rocket Motors Unmodified, GFE Systems Unmodified, GFE Systems

19. Minotaur Stacking Flow

20. Minotaur Mission Profile

21. Inaugural Minotaur Launch JAWSAT Mission - 26 Jan 2000 Photo by Brian Web

22. References Books: Books: Rocket Propulsion Elements, G. Sutton Rocket Propulsion Elements, G. Sutton Rockets of the World, Peter Always, Saturn Press Rockets of the World, Peter Always, Saturn Press Web Sites: Web Sites: http://www.astronautix.com (Encyclopedia Astronautica) http://www.astronautix.com (Encyclopedia Astronautica) http://www.astronautix.com http://www-tradoc.army.mil/dcscd/spaceweb/chap6im.htm (Principles of Rocket Propulsion) http://www-tradoc.army.mil/dcscd/spaceweb/chap6im.htm (Principles of Rocket Propulsion) http://www-tradoc.army.mil/dcscd/spaceweb/chap6im.htm Launch Vehicles Companies: Launch Vehicles Companies: Boeing: http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/bls/flash.html Boeing: http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/bls/flash.htmlhttp://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/bls/flash.html Sea Launch: http://www.sea-launch.com Sea Launch: http://www.sea-launch.comhttp://www.sea-launch.com Lockheed Martin: http://www.ast.lmco.com/launch.shtml Lockheed Martin: http://www.ast.lmco.com/launch.shtmlhttp://www.ast.lmco.com/launch.shtml Arianespace: http://www.arianespace.com Arianespace: http://www.arianespace.comhttp://www.arianespace.com Orbital Sciences: http://www.orbital.com Orbital Sciences: http://www.orbital.comhttp://www.orbital.com SpaceX: http://www.spacex.com SpaceX: http://www.spacex.comhttp://www.spacex.com