2. "Not since the world was made was there ever seen or won so great a treasure, or so noble or so rich, nor in the time of Alexander, nor in the time of Charlemagne, nor before, nor after, nor do I think myself that in the forty richest cities of the world had there been so much wealth as was found in Constantinople. For the Greeks say that two-thirds of the wealth of this world is in Constantinople and the other third scattered throughout the world." --Robert of Clari, a French crusader who witnessed the pillage of the city in 1204, describing Constantinople. The Glory of the Byzantines

3. Outline of Presentation  Part One – Introduction with timeline  Part Two – Early and Middle Byzantium  Part Three – The Hagia Sophia  Part Four – The Fall of Byzantium  Part Five – Legacy and Influence

4. Part One - Introduction

5. Byzantiwho?  “Byzantine Empire” invention of historians  Viewed themselves as Romans  Later develops own identity

6. Relation to what we have done?  Mosaics  Government System and Laws  Christianity and State  Military and Trade policies  Architecture and Art  Preservation and study of Classics

7. Byzantine Empire circa 555 CE

8. Timeline of Events  330 – Constantine I moves capital to the East  410 – Rome is sacked by the Visigoths  476 – Last Roman Emperor, Augustulus, is deposed  527 – Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor  726 – Leo III orders all religious icons in the empire destroyed  843 – Icons are then restored to religious worship  1054 – The Great Schism  1204 – Constantinople is captured by Crusaders  1453 – The Siege of Constantinople ends with occupation of the city by Ottomans

9. The Great Schism of 1054 CE

10. The Siege of Constantinople, 1453 CE

11. Part Two – Early and Middle Byzantium

12. Justinian and Theodora, 527-565 CE

13. Corpus Juris Civilis  Laws against heresy, paganism, and status of Jews  Was the basis of the revival of Roman law in the Middle Ages  influenced the Canon Law of the church ecclesia vivit lege romana — the church lives under Roman law.

14. The Nika Riots

15. Justinian and his Retinue

16. Part Three – The Hagia Sophia

17. The Hagia Sophia

19. A Modern Day Orthodox Church

20. Iconoclastic Controversy

21. Theodosia Saint Theodosia (Byzantine, Early 13th Century A.D.). Constantinople. Tempera and gold on panel.

22. Part Five – The Fall of Byzantium

23. The Loss of Constantinople

24. Mehmet II Occupies Constantinople

25. Part Six – The Legacy of Byzantium

26. Byzantine Science

27. Byzantine Music and Food Byzantine Recipes

28. Omayyad Mosque at Damascus

29. Byzantium as a Derogatory Term

30. Discussion of Texts  How do the two works on Justinian compare? What does this tell us about the legacy of Justinian I?  Can you find any symbolism in the mosaic and do you have any questions about the work?

31. Bonus Picture and Trivia

32.  A search of “Byzantine Empire” on Amazon yields 9,720 books, and only 1 DVD.  A search of “Roman Empire” on Amazon yields 64,961 books, and 77 DVDs.