1. Spiritual Revolution

2. The Story of the Investiture Controversy 1075-1086

3. I.Reform Movement – A New Idealism A. Liberation of the Church B. A New Christian Life

4. II. Liberation of the Church A.Duke William found Cluny in 910 1.First independent monastery 2.Enthusiasm for Cluny model 3.Cluny monks rise in the church B. Attack on simony 1. Pope deposes bishops 1049 C. Pope elected by cardinals (1059) 1. Declaration of independence

5. Cluny Monastery, France

6. Speyer Cathedral, Germany

8. II. Liberation of the Church D. Pope Gregory VII (1073-86) 1. Dicatus Papae (1075) 2. Investiture Controversy (1075-86) E. Expansion of Papal Government 1. Most efficient medieval government 2. Prestige of popes as leaders of salvation

9. III. Reform of Christian Life A. Celibacy 1. Enforced by 1215 2. Partial celibacy for laity B. Cistercians 1. St. Bernard 2. Austere life 3. Simple, private devotions 4. Mysticism C. Theology of love 1. Suffering Jesus—crucifix 2. Merciful Mary