1. Using Media in Multimedia James D. Lehman Educational Technology School of Education

2. Using Multimedia Objectives for Today’s Presentation

3. Objectives Identify the major types of media that can be incorporated into multimedia. Identify the major types of media that can be incorporated into multimedia. Describe basic utilization principles for each medium. Describe basic utilization principles for each medium. Critically examine examples of the use of various media in presentations. Critically examine examples of the use of various media in presentations.

4. Using Multimedia Types of Media

5. Basic Media Types Text Text Graphics Graphics Audio Audio Video Video

6. Text Font Font Typeface, e.g., times, bookman, courierTypeface, e.g., times, bookman, courier Size: 24 pt, 32 pt, 48 ptSize: 24 pt, 32 pt, 48 pt Style Style Boldface, italics, underlinedBoldface, italics, underlined Shadowed orShadowed or not shadowed Color Color Text colorText color Font Font Typeface, e.g., times, bookman, courierTypeface, e.g., times, bookman, courier Size: 24 pt, 32 pt, 48 ptSize: 24 pt, 32 pt, 48 pt Style Style Boldface, italics, underlinedBoldface, italics, underlined Shadowed orShadowed or not shadowed Color Color Text colorText color

7. Text What are the advantages and limitations of text as a medium of information delivery in multimedia? What are the advantages and limitations of text as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

8. Text Advantages Advantages familiarfamiliar source material readily availablesource material readily available easily producedeasily produced flexibleflexible efficient for many types of contentefficient for many types of content requires little spacerequires little space Limitations Limitations reading level requiredreading level required prior knowledge requiredprior knowledge required non-visualnon-visual limited interactivitylimited interactivity can have transport- ability problemscan have transport- ability problems

9. Graphics Clip Art Clip Art Pictures Pictures Figures/Graphs Figures/Graphs Animations Animations 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 0 20 40 60 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr East West North

10. Graphics Clip Art Clip Art Pictures Pictures Figures/Graphs Figures/Graphs Animations Animations 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 0 20 40 60 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr East West North

11. Graphics Clip Art Clip Art Pictures Pictures Figures/Graphs Figures/Graphs Animations Animations 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 0 20 40 60 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr East West North

12. Graphics Clip Art Clip Art Pictures Pictures Figures/Graphs Figures/Graphs Animations Animations 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 0 20 40 60 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr East West North

13. Graphics What are the advantages and limitations of graphics as a medium of information delivery in multimedia? What are the advantages and limitations of graphics as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

14. Graphics Advantages Advantages efficientefficient gain attentiongain attention can be used to support textcan be used to support text enhance visual appealenhance visual appeal Limitations Limitations dealing with varying formatsdealing with varying formats storage demandsstorage demands complex graphics may not aid learningcomplex graphics may not aid learning non-relevant graphics can interferenon-relevant graphics can interfere

15. Audio Simple digital sounds (e.g., WAV files) Simple digital sounds (e.g., WAV files) Digitally recorded speech Digitally recorded speech Digital music files (e.g., MIDI) Digital music files (e.g., MIDI) CD-audio CD-audio

16. Audio What are the advantages and limitations of audio as a medium of information delivery in multimedia? What are the advantages and limitations of audio as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

17. Audio Advantages Advantages good for some realistic content or language teachinggood for some realistic content or language teaching helps auditory learnershelps auditory learners can set a moodcan set a mood complements other mediacomplements other media Limitations Limitations dealing with varying formatsdealing with varying formats high storage demandshigh storage demands may be problematic in some environmentsmay be problematic in some environments

18. Video Analog video (e.g., videodisc -- requires special system and/or 2nd monitor) Analog video (e.g., videodisc -- requires special system and/or 2nd monitor) Digital video (e.g., QuickTime, AVI, MPEG) Digital video (e.g., QuickTime, AVI, MPEG)

19. Video What are the advantages and limitations of video as a medium of information delivery in multimedia? What are the advantages and limitations of video as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

20. Video Advantages Advantages familiar mediumfamiliar medium good for realismgood for realism good for showing motion/processesgood for showing motion/processes good for physical and interpersonal skillsgood for physical and interpersonal skills gains attentiongains attention Limitations Limitations very high storage demands (digital)very high storage demands (digital) dealing with varying formatsdealing with varying formats digital quality is sometimes poordigital quality is sometimes poor hard to produce; requires specialized equipmenthard to produce; requires specialized equipment

21. Using Multimedia Basic Media Utilization Principles

22. What are some utilization guidelines or principles for text?

23. Using Text Keep text simple, and write clearly. Keep text simple, and write clearly. Use correct spelling and grammar. Use correct spelling and grammar. Write at a level appropriate for the audience. Write at a level appropriate for the audience. Use easily readable fonts. Pick a size appropriate to the application. Use easily readable fonts. Pick a size appropriate to the application. Avoid uncommon fonts if portability is an issue. Avoid uncommon fonts if portability is an issue. Don’t try to put too much on one screen. Don’t try to put too much on one screen.

24. Using Text Use a consistent layout. Use headings to organize and communicate. Use a consistent layout. Use headings to organize and communicate. Leave plenty of “white” space. Leave plenty of “white” space. Use contrasting colors for text and background. Use contrasting colors for text and background. Highlight important information, but use highlighting sparingly. Highlight important information, but use highlighting sparingly. Don’t use ALL CAPITALS. Don’t use ALL CAPITALS.

25. Using Graphics Guidelines What are some utilization guidelines or principles for graphics?

26. Using Graphics Keep visuals simple; avoid excessive detail. Keep visuals simple; avoid excessive detail. Use a clear, uncluttered layout. Use a clear, uncluttered layout. Properly align and balance visual elements. Properly align and balance visual elements. Use graphics for interest and to illustrate concepts, but avoid non-relevant visuals. Use graphics for interest and to illustrate concepts, but avoid non-relevant visuals. Use appropriate types of graphics for the content. Use appropriate types of graphics for the content.

27. Using Graphics Use textual elements with visuals when appropriate. Use textual elements with visuals when appropriate. Use visuals to gain the user’s attention, e.g., through surprise, interaction, or in other ways. Use visuals to gain the user’s attention, e.g., through surprise, interaction, or in other ways. Use pleasing, high contrast or complementary color combinations; use no more than 4-5 colors on-screen at once. Use pleasing, high contrast or complementary color combinations; use no more than 4-5 colors on-screen at once.

28. Using Graphics Colors either opposite one another or adjacent to one another on a color wheel tend to work well together. Colors either opposite one another or adjacent to one another on a color wheel tend to work well together.

29. What are some utilization guidelines or principles for audio?

30. Using Audio Use audio to deliver content when appropriate (e.g., famous speech, heart sounds). Use audio to deliver content when appropriate (e.g., famous speech, heart sounds). Use only the quality of digital audio (i.e. sampling rate) needed for the content. Use only the quality of digital audio (i.e. sampling rate) needed for the content. Use sounds for emphasis, but avoid using negative sounds for feedback. Use sounds for emphasis, but avoid using negative sounds for feedback.

31. Using Audio Use music in the background to enhance interest or set a tone. Use music in the background to enhance interest or set a tone. Be sure sound quality and volume is adequate. Be sure sound quality and volume is adequate. Make sure audio can be controlled or even turned off through the software or hardware. Make sure audio can be controlled or even turned off through the software or hardware.

32. What are some utilization guidelines or principles for video?

33. Using Video Use video to deliver content with a high degree of realism, to show motion/processes, or to show people. Use video to deliver content with a high degree of realism, to show motion/processes, or to show people. Use video for dramatic effect. Use video for dramatic effect. Use video for content that has a low potential for change (because of the production costs). Use video for content that has a low potential for change (because of the production costs).

34. Using Video When video quality is critical, analog video (e.g.,videodisc) or MPEG is probably preferred, but lesser digital formats (e.g., QuickTime) work for much content. When video quality is critical, analog video (e.g.,videodisc) or MPEG is probably preferred, but lesser digital formats (e.g., QuickTime) work for much content. Use pacing and presentation changes in video to create interest. Use pacing and presentation changes in video to create interest. Design digital video for the limitations of the computer screen (e.g., sizing). Design digital video for the limitations of the computer screen (e.g., sizing).

35. Using Multimedia Some Examples

36. Using Multimedia THE END