1. Tilapia Aquaculture – An Overview: Selection of systems – Ponds, Tanks, Raceways, Cages Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona, Professor World Aquaculture Society, Immediate Past-President American Tilapia Association, Sec./Tres. Pablo Gonzalez Alanis Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Professor World Aquaculture Society, Student Liaison Program Coordinator, Aquaculture TIES Hermosillo, Son. Mexico Dec. 2, 2005

2. Tilapia aquaculture F Where will you grow your tilapia? F Legal restrictions? F Environmental restrictions? (cold, birds, discharge) F Water source (volume, quality, temperature) F Other uses of water (irrigation, hydroponics, recreation)

3. Tilapia in ponds F Extensive ponds

4. Semi-intensive ponds

5. Pond culture to crop irrigation

6. Tilapia production in outside ponds with shrimp in covered ponds

7. Fiberglass or concrete tanks?

8. Large concrete tanks?

9. Tilapia with hydroponics

10. Tilapia-shrimp polyculture farms (Eritrea)

11. Irrigation canals / extensive raceways

12. Semi-intensive Raceway Systems Raceways in Arizona Raceways in Mexico

13. Intensive Raceway Systems (Brasil)

14. Intensive RAS farms in buildings in cool climates (USA)

15. Intensive farms with recirculation in greenhouses (USA)

16. Multiple small cages Taal Lake, Philippines Irrigation Reservoir, Arizona Paulo Afonso Reservoir, Brasil

17. Other small cages Nile Delta, Egypt All tilapia farms have dogs, even cage farms Shrimp Pond, Philippines Shrimp Pond, Thailand

18. Large cage farms

19. Impacts of tilapia aquaculture F Exotic species that has been widely introduced F Effluents from cage farms may contribute to eutrophication F Methytestosterone used in sex-reversal F Attracts birds F Discharge from desert farms should be used for irrigation

20. For Sonora - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture F Water pH reduced from 8.3 to 8.0 F Added 19.7 kg/ha N to 45 kg/ha used in standard fertilization schedule.

21. Results - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture F Contributed 2.6 kg/ha P to crop.

22. Plant height with Fish Effluent, Standard Fertilizer and Well Water

23. Technologies to reduce externalities (escapees) F Further increase domestication F Reduce survival rate of escapees F More red skin varieties

24. Future global tilapia production