1. Human relations OD, i.e. Organization development Socio-technical systems theory

2. Some perspectives on organization

4. Western Electric’s Hawthorne works in Cicero, Illinois

5. The relay assembly test room

6. The Hawthorne project A: The Relay Assembly Test Room 1924-32 Stage 1 (Phase I, 3 months; Phase II, 7 months; Phase III, 14 months) 5 girls (of which 2 were exchanged after Phase II), 30% increase in productivity caused by changes in mental attitudes rather than physical working conditions. Stage 2: 9 weeks: 5 other girls, 12 % immediate increase caused by group rather than factory bonus. Stage 3: 2 years, 5 other girls, 15 % increase due to friendly supervision, rest pauses, etc. during first 14 months, then declining productivity. B: Bank Wiring Test Room: 1931 Observations and interviews “The function of restriction of output … is to protect the worker from management’s schemes” (Dickson quoted in Hoopes, 2003 p 152) C: The Interview Program: Training interviewees (and supervisors) in “therapeutic interviewing skills”, aiming to interview every worker D: The Counseling Program

7. Relevance today?

8. (Chaplin Modern Times, 1936) (Inside a poultry plant) (Lucy in chocolate production) (Pre-assembly for Ford) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYbsBcPDVQ M (Chaplin Modern Times, 1936)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYbsBcPDVQ M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XzKP8ctxrc (Inside a poultry plant)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XzKP8ctxrc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wp3m1vg06Q (Lucy in chocolate production)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wp3m1vg06Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CabZEejbeKA (Pre-assembly for Ford)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CabZEejbeKA

9. Analyze the situation. What are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the work organization in the Chaplin example (or poultry example)? Give your recommendations to the production manager about how to develop the work organization. Give your recommendations to the human resource manager about how to develop the work organization. Give your recommendations to a joint management and union committee about how to develop the work organization recommendations

10. Typology of production systems

11. Motivation and work studies (individual - work relation) Work organization principles such as Job rotation Job enlargement Job enrichment Motivation theories such as those formulated by Maslow (fysiological, security, social, esteem, self-actualization needs) Herzberg (satisfiers and motivators) Vroom (Force to perform act i = Valence of outcome j x Expectancy that act i will lead to outcome j.) Hackman & Oldham (motivation depends on perceived meaning, responsibility and knowledge of results, i.e. work content, autonomy and feedback)