1. The European Union Expansion

2. How much expansion can the EU withstand?

3. THE EUROPEAN UNION For years the European states have been cooperating in what was called the European Community. It originally consisted of six member states: France West Germany Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Italy However, in 1992 the EU was officially established and the institution had grown over the years, adding a total of six new members: DenmarkPortugal GreeceSpain IrelandUnited Kingdom From the start the EU embraced economic, political, and social principles for cooperation as its primary interests. As years have passed and more members have joined the EU, the scope of issues which the EU has become involved with has also grown.

4.  Copenhagen Criteria: set of rules that dictate whether nation is eligible to join the EU  These criteria are: that a nation-state must have institutions that promote and retain democratic government, human rights, a functioning market economy, and submit to the intentions and obligations of the EU. The European Union

5. For your visual pleasure, here is a map of the countries in the European Union.

6. APPROACHING THE EU Various levels of analysis 2 nd Image Liberalism 3 rd Image Realism Neo-Liberal Institutionalism

7. Can’t they all just get along??

8. Considering the Images 2 ND Image 2 ND Image  Focuses on domestic societal factors (economic and political)  Shows why Turkey is unlikely to be accepted to the EU (human rights abuses) 3 RD Image 3 RD Image Addresses the International relations of the EU. Which is an essential part of Structural Realism Addresses the International relations of the EU. Which is an essential part of Structural Realism It explains why the EU is reluctant to continue to expand. It explains why the EU is reluctant to continue to expand.

9. Turkey: Applied for full membership:1987 Confirmed as candidate: December 1999 Negotiations: October 2005

10. Facts about the Turkey to the left of this text not about the one below this text…. Population: 73.3 million Capital: Ankara Major Religion: Islam Major Language: Turkish Main Exports: Fruit and vegetables, textiles and clothing, iron and steel

12. ONLY 11% OF AUSTRIANS FAVOR TURKEY’S FULL MEMBERSHIP INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION

13. “I do not want to join the EU, it’s a Christian club!” Yavuz Istanbul newsagent About 98% of the population is Sunni Muslim.

14. Could innate and intrinsic social factors hinder France from accepting Turkey?

15. The median age in Turkey is 28 years old.

16. “Admitting Turkey now would be like Mexico becoming the 51st state of the U.S. overnight.” -Brussels diplomat

17. Why has EU expansion happened? (SUPPORTERS OF EU EXPANSION SAY…) - It has peacefully united a part of the world that has been plagued with conflict for generations. -EU expansion has made Europe a safer place. -Expansion will boost the economy in Europe and help create jobs. -It increases foreign investment in Europe.

19. Should the EU expand? What are the implications? In your opinion, should the EU accept Turkey as a full member into the EU? How would partial membership differ from full membership? Does the EU have a strong future? Will the expansion of the EU increase the likelihood for a strong EU in the future?