1. Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1 NATO, Enlargement, Chances & Challenges Presented by: Ratela Asllani, M.A PhD Candidate PhD Candidate

2. 2Ratela Asllani, December 2014 Contents NATO, History of Enlargement NATO, History of Enlargement NATO Enlargement Process NATO Enlargement Process Chances of Membership Chances of Membership Challenges Challenges Conclusion Conclusion

3. 3Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1. NATO, History of Enlargement

4. 4Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1. NATO, History of Enlargement

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6. 6 1. NATO, History of Enlargement

7. 7Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1. NATO, History of Enlargement The most important players in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization are the member countries themselves. At present, NATO has 28 members. At present, NATO has 28 members. In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. Six rounds of Enlargement: 1952, 1955, 1982, 2004, 2009 Six rounds of Enlargement: 1952, 1955, 1982, 2004, 2009 During Cold War: The other member countries are: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), During Cold War: The other member countries are: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), After Cold War: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004). After Cold War: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004). Bucharest Summit: Albania and Croatia (2009). Bucharest Summit: Albania and Croatia (2009).

8. 8Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1.1 Difference of Enlargement

9. 9Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2. NATO Enlargement Process

10. 10Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2. NATO Enlargement Process Aspirant Countries Aspirant Countries Study on Enlargement (1995) Study on Enlargement (1995) Accession Process Accession Process NATO’s “Open Door Policy” NATO’s “Open Door Policy”

11. 11Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2.1 Aspirant Countries Countries that have declared an interest in joining the Alliance are initially invited to engage in an Intensified Dialogue with NATO about their membership aspirations & related reforms. Countries that have declared an interest in joining the Alliance are initially invited to engage in an Intensified Dialogue with NATO about their membership aspirations & related reforms. Aspirant countries may then be invited to participate in the MAP to prepare for potential membership & demonstrate their ability to meet the obligations and commitments of possible future membership. Participation in the MAP does not guarantee membership, but it constitutes a key preparation mechanism. Aspirant countries may then be invited to participate in the MAP to prepare for potential membership & demonstrate their ability to meet the obligations and commitments of possible future membership. Participation in the MAP does not guarantee membership, but it constitutes a key preparation mechanism. Countries aspiring to join NATO have to demonstrate that they are in a position to further the principles of the 1949 Washington Treaty & contribute to security in the Euro-Atlantic area. They are also expected to meet certain political, economic and military criteria, which are laid out in the 1995 Study on NATO Enlargement. Countries aspiring to join NATO have to demonstrate that they are in a position to further the principles of the 1949 Washington Treaty & contribute to security in the Euro-Atlantic area. They are also expected to meet certain political, economic and military criteria, which are laid out in the 1995 Study on NATO Enlargement.

12. 12Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2.2 Study on Enlargement (1995) Meeting Requirements: a functioning democratic political system based on a market economy; a functioning democratic political system based on a market economy; the fair treatment of minority populations; the fair treatment of minority populations; a commitment to the peaceful resolution of conflicts; a commitment to the peaceful resolution of conflicts; the ability and willingness to make a military contribution to NATO operations; and the ability and willingness to make a military contribution to NATO operations; and a commitment to democratic civil-military relations and institutional structures. a commitment to democratic civil-military relations and institutional structures.

13. 13Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2.2 Study on Enlargement (1995) NATO would contribute to enhanced stability & security for all, through: encouraging & supporting democratic reforms encouraging & supporting democratic reforms fostering patterns & habits of cooperation, consultation & consensus-building characteristic of relations among members of the Alliance; fostering patterns & habits of cooperation, consultation & consensus-building characteristic of relations among members of the Alliance; promoting good-neighborly relations promoting good-neighborly relations increase transparency in defense planning & military budgets increase transparency in defense planning & military budgets

14. 14Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2.2 Accession Process 1.Accession talks with a NATO team  first session: political & defense or military issues  second session: technical (discussion of resources, security, &legal issues, contribution) 2. Invitees send letters of intent to NATO, along with timetables for completion of reforms 3. Accession protocols are signed by NATO countries 4. Accession protocols are ratified by NATO countries 5. The Secretary General invites the potential new members to accede to the North Atlantic Treaty 6. Invitees accede to the North Atlantic Treaty in accordance with their national procedures 7. Upon depositing their instruments of accession with the US State Department, invitees formally become NATO members

15. 15Ratela Asllani, December 2014 2.3 NATO’s “Open Door Policy” NATO’s “open door policy” based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty : “Membership is open to any European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area”

16. 16Ratela Asllani, December 2014 3. Chances of Membership NATO also has what it calls the Membership Action Plan, which offers aspiring members practical advice & targeted assistance. In turn, aspiring members are expected to meet certain key requirements. NATO also has what it calls the Membership Action Plan, which offers aspiring members practical advice & targeted assistance. In turn, aspiring members are expected to meet certain key requirements.

17. 17Ratela Asllani, December 2014 3.1 Membership Action Plan MAP was launched in April 1999 at the Alliance’s Washington Summit. MAP was launched in April 1999 at the Alliance’s Washington Summit. MAP, a NATO programme of advice, assistance & practical support tailored to the individual needs of countries wishing to join the Alliance. MAP, a NATO programme of advice, assistance & practical support tailored to the individual needs of countries wishing to join the Alliance. Participation in the MAP does not prejudge any decision by the Alliance on future membership. Participation in the MAP does not prejudge any decision by the Alliance on future membership. Current Participants (FYROM, 1999 & Montenegro, 2009) Current Participants (FYROM, 1999 & Montenegro, 2009) They submit individual annual national programmes on their preparations for possible future membership They submit individual annual national programmes on their preparations for possible future membership 2010, the Allies formally invited B-H to join, pending the resolution of a key issue concerning immovable defense property 2010, the Allies formally invited B-H to join, pending the resolution of a key issue concerning immovable defense property

18. 18Ratela Asllani, December 2014 3.2 The MAP Process Provides a focused & candidate feedback mechanism on aspirant countries' progress on their programmes (political, economic, defense, resource, security & legal aspects) Provides a focused & candidate feedback mechanism on aspirant countries' progress on their programmes (political, economic, defense, resource, security & legal aspects) Throughout the year, meetings & workshops with NATO civilian and military experts in various fields allow for discussion of the entire spectrum of issues relevant to membership. Throughout the year, meetings & workshops with NATO civilian and military experts in various fields allow for discussion of the entire spectrum of issues relevant to membership.

19. 19Ratela Asllani, December 2014 4. Challenges & Conclusion Membership of FYROM (Turkey has recognized with its constitutional name), Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo Membership of FYROM (Turkey has recognized with its constitutional name), Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo Membership of Georgia & Ukraine (Russia’s Position) Membership of Georgia & Ukraine (Russia’s Position) Identification of Border of Expand Identification of Border of Expand Identification of New Threats Identification of New Threats Identification of New Adversaries Identification of New Adversaries Enlargement deepen the complexity of Consensus & Decision-Making Enlargement deepen the complexity of Consensus & Decision-Making Revision of Meeting Requirements Revision of Meeting Requirements

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