1. 學習理論 Behavioral Behavioral – 是行為的改變 是透過練習的結果 consequences and practice – 看待學習者和他們的行為是來自於環境刺激的結果 Cognitive (individual constructivist) Cognitive (individual constructivist) –attention, memory, knowledge, organization, elaboration, effort – 看待學習者的學習是來自於對知識經驗刺激透過計畫 注意目標想法記憶種種活動進而建構意義

2. Practice

3. 認知取向的學習理論 Information-processing theory Information-processing theory 學習是處理我們所接收到的訊息 老師是訊息的提 供者學生是訊息的處理者 學習是處理我們所接收到的訊息 老師是訊息的提 供者學生是訊息的處理者請簡單寫出你用來記憶和學習新概念的方法其過程是 感官接收器 (4 秒 )- 知覺 注意 感官接收器 (4 秒 )- 知覺 注意 短期 ( 工作 ) 記憶 (12 秒 )- 複誦 組織 短期 ( 工作 ) 記憶 (12 秒 )- 複誦 組織 長期記憶 - The goal of teaching

4. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS. COUNT THE NUMBER OF “F’s” IN THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

5. FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS. COUNT THE NUMBER OF “F’s” IN THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE

6. Which player has the strongest poker hand? A B

7. A B Did you notice the red six of spades?

8. Can a Powerpoint show tell what you think?

9. You can see 6 cards. Think one of them. Just think. Think now.

10. Close your eyes and Just think about your card.

11. Look, I took your card.

12. Bet I can do it again.

13. Look at the cards. Go ahead. Pick a different one. Just think. Think harder.

14. Close your eyes and Just think about your card.

15. I took your card again!

16. Here ’ s how it ’ s done.

17. You can see 6 cards. Think one of them. Just think. Think now. Look, I took your card. Back to short-term memory

18. 你能在 12 秒內記起來嗎 ? FBIMTVUSAHBOCIA

19. 或許這樣便容易記起來 FBIMTVUSAHBOCIA FBIMTVUSAHBOCIA

20. 如何幫助學生增進長期的記憶 ? Using a good strategy is more helpful than just trying to learn. 給於高層次的處理 ( 與他有關 ) 雙碼 聯結 對聯學習 序列學習 自由學習 WHAT ARE EIGHT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND?

21. EIGHT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND Avon Somerset Cornwall Wiltshire Dorset Devon Hampshire Surrey

22. Avon 1 An Avon lady walks up a path toward a house. Somerset 2 She is sweating because it is SUMMER (Somerset). Cornwall 3Suddenly, she sees a giant CORN growing out of a WALL of the house (Cornwall). Wiltshire 4The corn is beginning to WILT in the heat (Wiltshire). Dorset 5She knocks on the DOOR (Dorset), Devon 6which is opened by the DEVIL (Devon) Hampshire 7eating a HAM (Hampshire). Surrey 8She panics, screams “SORRY!” and dashes back down the path (Surrey).

23. 為何導致遺忘 ? 干擾 干擾 倒攝抑制 ( 新舊訊息相似 ) 倒攝抑制 ( 新舊訊息相似 ) 順攝抑制 順攝抑制