1. LHS Biotechnology Course Instructor: L. Steward

3.  “Of the Forum”  Originated from ancient Rome when the Senate would conduct its meetings in a public place called the forum  Today = methods or application of science applied to matters of law

4.  The scientific application to the collection and analysis of evidence in criminal matters  Often interchangeable with the term Forensic Science  A Criminalist works in the field of Criminalistics

5. 1923 – LAPD –Oldest Lab 1932 – FBI – World’s Largest Lab  Serology (body fluids)  Entomology (insects)  Chemistry  Toxicology (poisons)  Document Analysis  Odontology (dentistry)  Psychiatry  Fingerprint Analysis  Ballistics  Tool Mark Analysis  Anthropology (bones)  Hair Analysis  Fiber Analysis  Engineering ◦ Mechanical failure ◦ Structural failure ◦ Car accident reconstruction

6. Sir Arthur Conan DoyleSherlock Holmes  700 – Chinese fingerprints on clay  1000 –bloody palm print in Roman court  1248 – Chinese – diff between strangulation & drowning  1609 – document analysis  1686 – 7 fingerprint characteristics  1784 – math torn edge of paper in pistol to paper in suspect’s pocket  1810 – 1 st detective force in France  1813 – microscopes & toxicology  1823 – began to classify fingerprints

7. www.forensicdna.com 1986 – Nobel Prize for PCR by Kary Mullis  1835 – bullet comparisons  1839 – microscope evaluation of fabric  1879 – hair analysis  1904 – Locard’s Exchange Principle  1905 – FBI formed by T. Roosevelt  1924 – LAPD Crime Lab  1932 – FBI National Lab  1937 – Technical Criminology @ Cal  1950 – School of Criminology @ Cal  1954 – Breathalyzer  1977 – AFIS by FBI  1984 – 1 st DNA test  1991 – IBIS by FBI

8.  Sworn Police Officer or Civilian  Job duty is to analyze evidence and testify in court  2 types of witnesses who testify in court: ◦ “Lay” witness = not an expert but has something to contribute  Ex: witness, victim, knows suspect  Cannot give their opinion  JOB OF JURY is to make conclusions about the EVIDENCE presented to them, not that of the witness  Ex: eyewitness can’t say suspect was “drunk” – that has to be determined by an EXPERT

9.  Person who has knowledge or skills, derived from education and/or experience, that qualify them to take a set of facts and reach conclusions not attainable by the avg. person

10.  Approx. 400+ labs in US  Dept of Justice (DOJ)-managed by Att.Gen  FBI – most prestigious lab in world  Drug Enforcement Administration – DEA  Dept. of Homeland Security  Dept. of the Treasury  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives – BATF  IRS – Internal Revenue Service  Dept. of the Interior  U.S. Postal Service

11.  Bachelor of Science degree – Chem, Bio, Physics with coursework in microscopy & statistics ◦ You work in a lab, no windows, process & test evidence  Law Enforcement Training ◦ You are a Police Officer, with specific on the job training ◦ Example: Evidence Technician 

12.  Forensic Pathologist = BS+Med School + Residency + Board testing = 14 years  Forensic Engineer = PhD, private company  Forensic Anthropologist = few labs can afford, need another area of expertise, could teach at university and they hire your expertise  Forensic Odontologist = BS+dental school  Forensic Entomologist = BS/PhD  www.aafs.org