1. Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University-Gaza MB M ICRO B IOLOGY Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. D Microbiology 2008 Chapter 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

2. 2008 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones No organelles Peptidoglycan cell walls Binary fission

3. 2008 Proteobacteria Mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes Gram- negative Domain Bacteria

4. 2008 Human pathogens: Bartonella B. henselaCat-scratch disease BrucellaBrucellosis The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

5. 2008 Obligate intracellular parasites: Ehrlichia. Tick-borne, ehrlichiosis Rickettsia. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers R. prowazekiiEpidemic typhus R. typhiEndemic murine typhus R. rickettsiiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

6. 2008 The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1

7. 2008 Wolbachia. Live in insects and other animals The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

8. 2008 Have prosthecae: Caulobacter. Stalked bacteria found in lakes Hyphomicrobium. Budding bacteria found in lakes The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.2 & 3

9. 2008 Plant pathogen: Agrobacterium. Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 9.17

10. 2008 Chemoautotrophic: Oxidize nitrogen for energy Fix CO 2 Nitrobacter. NH 3 +  NO 2 – Nitrosomonas. NO 2 –  NO 3 – The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

11. 2008 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Azospirillum Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants Fix nitrogen Rhizobium Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 27.5

12. 2008 Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol: Acetobacter Gluconobacter The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

13. 2008 The  (beta) Proteobacteria

14. 2008 Thiobacillus Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur: H 2 S  SO 4 2– Sphaerotilus Chemoheterotophic, form sheaths The  (beta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.5

15. 2008 Neisseria Chemoheterotrophic, cocci N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae Spirillum Chemoheterotrophic, helical The  (beta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.4 & 6

16. 2008 Bordetella Chemoheterotrophic, rods B. pertussis Burkholderia. Nosocomial infections Zoogloea. Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment processes The  (beta) Proteobacteria

17. 2008 The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

18. 2008 Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas Opportunistic pathogens Metabolically diverse Polar flagella Azotobacter and Azomonas.Nitrogen fixing Moraxella.Conjunctivitis The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.7

19. 2008 Legionellales: Legionella Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers L. pneumophilia Coxiella Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 24.15b

20. 2008 Vibrionales: Found in coastal water Vibrio cholerae causes cholera V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.8

21. 2008 The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Enterobacteriales (enterics): Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic Enterobacter Erwinia Escherichia Klebsiella Proteus Salmonella Serratia Shigella Yersinia The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

22. 2008 The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.9a, b

23. 2008 Pasteurellales: Pasteurella Cause pneumonia and septicemia Haemophilus Require X (heme) and V (NAD +, NADP + ) factors The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

24. 2008 Beggiatoa Chemoautotrophic, oxidize H 2 S to S 0 for energy Francisella Chemoheterotrophic, tularemia The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

25. 2008 The  (delta) Proteobacteria

26. 2008 Bdellovibrio. Prey on other bacteria Desulfovibrionales. Use S instead of O 2 as final electron acceptor Myxococcales. Gliding. Cells aggregate to form myxospores The  (delta) Proteobacteria

27. 2008 The  (delta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.10a

28. 2008 The  (delta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1b

29. 2008 The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria

30. 2008 Campylobacter One polar flagellum Gastroenteritis The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1a

31. 2008 Helicobacter Multiple flagella Peptic ulcers Stomach cancer The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1b

32. 2008 The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria

33. 2008 Oxygenic photosynthesis Gliding motility Fix nitrogen Cyanobacteria

34. 2008 Cyanobacteria Figure 11.12a-c

35. 2008 Anoxygenic photosynthesis Purple and green sulfur bacteria Purple and Green Photosynthetic Bacteria 2H 2 O + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + O 2 2H 2 S + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + 2S 0

36. 2008 C. trachomatis Trachoma STD, urethritis C. pneumoniae C. psittaci Causes psittacosis Chlamydiae

37. 2008 In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5 Figure 11.22a

38. 2008 In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5 Figure 11.22b

39. 2008 Borrelia Leptospira Treponema Spirochaetes Figure 11.23

40. 2008 Anaerobic Bacteroides. In mouth and large intestine Cytophaga. Cellulose-degrading in soil Bacteroidetes

41. 2008 Fusobacterium Found in mouth May be involved in dental diseases Fusobacteria Figure 11.24

42. 2008 Low G + C Gram-positive Firmicutes

43. 2008 Clostridium Endospore- producing Obligate anaerobes Epulopiscium Clostridiales Figure 11.14 & 15

44. 2008 Bacillus Endospore-producing rods Bacillales Figure 11.16b

45. 2008 Staphylococcus Cocci Bacillales Figure 1.17