1. Light, Toothless beak Large “keeled” sternum Gizzard instead of teeth Tail bones lost/fused Into pygostyle Center of gravity

2. Powering flight

4. Static soaring

6. Light or dark meat? It’s all about flight physiology!

7. Powering flight muscles

8. So unidirectional flow What’s the advantage??

9. Cerebellum Bird Brain Coordinating flight

11. Primary cavity nesters Secondary cavity nesters

13. Altricial Precocial Sex determined by sex chromosomes, not temperature

14. Attracting a mate

15. Song from Syrinx “double flute”

16. Migration Shearwater 40,000 miles/year

17. If they were burning gasoline instead of fat, they'd be getting about 720,000 miles to the gallon Blackpoll Warbler 15 g ----2 for one stamp 80-90 hours nonstop Migrate Canada to South America Neotropical migrant Red + yellow =12000 miles