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Economies of the ME & NA Introduction
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Why the Middle East?
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Geography The Middle or Near East:
Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Non-Arab countries: Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Turkey
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Geography North Africa:
Arab countries: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia
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Geography Regions: Arabian Peninsula Iranian Plateau Anatolian Plateau
Fertile Crescent & Mesopotamia
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Geography Waters: Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf
Read Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea Nile River, Jordan River, Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
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History 5500 B.C. to 2004 A.D. Sumerian & Akkadian
Babylonian & Neo-Babylonian Persian, Greek & Roman Arabian & Mongolian Saavid & Ottoman Independent nation states
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Regional Characteristics
The Crossroad The world’s island The tri-continental hub of Asia, Africa, and Europe The Silk Road
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Regional Characteristics
The Cradle of Civilization Beginning of human civilization with major development in agriculture, science, literature, and urbanization
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Regional Characteristics
The Birthplace Judaism (5700+ years) Mithraism & Zoroastrianism (5000 & 3500 years) Christianity (2000+ years) Islam (1400+ years) The Bahai Faith (100 years)
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Regional Characteristics
The Arc of Crisis Military conflict from the pre-historic to the present time
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Regional Characteristics
Large Population Over 300 million people living in 22 countries and millions of immigrants living outside the region
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Rich Natural Resources
Over 60% of the world’s oil reserves About 50% of the world’s oil supply Reserves of natural gas, copper, iron ore, zinc, lead, etc.
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Regional Characteristics
Trade & Commerce Exporting natural resources and human resources Importing capital and consumer goods and military equipment & services
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Regional Similarities
Common History The Persian Empire The Arab Empire The Ottoman Empire
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Regional Similarities
Common Culture Language: Arabic, Farsi, Turkish Religion: Islam, Christianity, Judaism
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Regional Similarities
Third World Nations Economic problems: poverty, income inequality, dependence on exports Social problems: gender and ethnic discrimination, inefficient governments
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Regional Similarities
Military Conflict Arab-Israeli conflict (1948, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, on-going) Iran-Iraq War ( ) Persian Gulf War (1991) Iraq Invasion (2003-present)
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Regional Differences Country Size in Area Large: Sudan, Saudi Arabia
Small: Lebanon, Kuwait
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Regional Differences Population Large: Egypt, Iran, Turkey
Small: Qatar, Kuwait, UAE Medium: Algeria, Morocco, Iraq
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Regional Differences Urbanization Rural: Sudan, Yemen, Libya
Urban: Kuwait, UAE, Qatar
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Regional Differences Economic Size Affluent: UAE, Saudi Arabia
Less fortunate: Sudan, Yemen
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Regional Differences Government
Democratic & Non-secular: Tunisia, Turkey Autocratic & Secular: Saudi Arabia, Iran
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