1. Anatomy of Female reproductive system
Teng Yincheng M.D., Ph.D., Professor
Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Renji Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine

2. bony pelvis
female genital organs
blood supply of female genital organs

3. Bony pelvis The bony pelvis is made up of 4 bones: ilium sacrum pubis
ischium

4. 1) 2 os coxae or innominate bones
the ilium
coxae the ischium
the pubis

5. 2) 1 sacrum: Formed from 5 sacral vertebrae which fuse.
3)1 coccyx: Formed from 4 fused vertebrae.

6. 2.Joint and ligament Sacro-iliac joint Sacro-coccygeal joint 腹股沟韧带
骶棘韧带
骶结节韧带

7. 3.True pelvis and false pelvis
The pelvis is divided into
the pelvis major (false pelvis)
is bounded by the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly,an iliac fossa bilaterally,and the abdominal wall anteriorly
the pelvis minor (true pelvis)
is formed by sacrum and coccyx posteriorly and by the ischium and pubis laterally and anteriorly

8. 4.Pelvic planes The pelvic inlet( pelvic brim):
the promontory, and alae of the sacrum ,linea terminalis
the superior border of the symphysis pubis
The plane of greatest diameter is bounded by the junction of the second and third sacral vertebrae posteriorly,the upper part of the obturator foramina laterally,and the midpoint of the pubis anteriorly

9. The plane of least diameter: extends from the lower border of the pubis anteriorly to lower sacrum at the level of the ischial spines
The plane of the outlet is irregular
consisting of two intersecting triangles

10. 5.The types of female pelvis
Gynecoid pelvis
Occurs 40%--50%
the inlet is rounded
the side walls are straight
the sacrum is well curved, and the sacrosciatic notch is adequate

11. Platypelloid pelvis
occurs in approximately 30% , 10% to 15% of African-american women
There is an oval inlet
the sacrum is normal
the side walls are straight
the sacrosciatic notch is narrower

12. Android pelvis
occurs in only 2% to 5% of women
wedge-shaped inlet
the side walls converge
the sacrum is inclined forward
the sacrosciatic notch is narrow

13. Anthropoid pelvis
occurs in approximately 20% ;approximately 40% of black women
the inlet is oval, long, and narrow
the side walls are straight(do not converge)
the sacrum is long and narrow
the sacrosciatic notch is wide.
Both the interspinous and intertuberous diameter are somewhat smaller

14. 6.Length of pelvic plane diameters

15. 7.Pelvic floor

17. female genital organs

18. 1.External genitalia mons pubis: fatty tissue labia majora
labia minora which lie inside the labia majora
clitoris: is located anterior to the labia minora

19. vestibule
Lies between the labia minora Is bounded Anteriorly by clitoris Posteriorly by perineum
Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the midline of the vestibule
Bartholin’s glands also empty into the vestibule

20. 2.Internal genitalia 1)Vagina
Muscular tube from vestibule extends to uterus
The anterior vaginal wall is 2cm shorter than the posterior wall
The area around the cervix---the fornix
the posterior fornix is important pouch which allows access to the peritoneal cavity from vagina
The vaginal wall consists of a mucous membrane , Beneath this is a submucosal layer of connective tissue which contains a rich of veins and lymphatics
The muscular wall has three layers of smooth muscle.

21. 2)uterus
Cervix
cylindrical shape, 2-3cm long vaginal portion external os
cervix tube
stratified squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium

22. 2) Isthmus separate cervix and body
3) Corpus cornu fundus
long 7-8cm; wide 4-5cm; thick 2-3cm
The ratio of the body to the cervix
Before puberty 1:2; after puberty 2:1

24. The uterus is surported by the following ligaments
Round ligament
Broad ligament
Cardinal ligament
Utero-sacral ligament

25. Histology of uterus There are three layers of the body
The inner is endometrium which is consisted of the simple columnar epithelium
Beneath the mucosa is the muscular layer,covered by peritoneal serosa

26. 3)Fallopian tubes
Length: 8-14cm
The tube is divided four portions
Interstitial
isthmus
Ampulla:the centre portion
Infundibulum:surround the ovary and help to collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation
The innner layer is covered by ciliate columnar epitheliun
The cilia beat toward the uterus assisting in oocyte transport

27. 4. ovaries Be located on either side of the uterus Volume:4*3*1cm
Weight:5-6g
be almond-shaped
Is divided two portion:
cortex(outer portion):
contains amount of follicles
medulla(central portion):
blood vessels, nerve fibres, lymphatics

28. blood supply
Arterial system
Ovarian artery: from abdominal aorta (left may be from kedney artery)
Uterine artery
Vaginal artery
Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac artery

30. Lymphatic drainage
外生殖器淋巴
　　腹股沟浅
　　　上组　下组
　　腹股沟深
盆腔淋巴
　　髂淋巴组
　　骶前淋巴组
　　腰淋巴组

31. The organ in the neighborhood
Urethera
Urinary bladder
Ureter
Rectum
Vermiform appendix

32. Thanks for Your Attention
Teng Yincheng M.D., Ph.D., Professor
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Renji Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine