1. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 1 Computer System Application: Design and Development Instructor: Muhammad Jahangir Ikram

2. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 2 Course Brief Computers in Industrial Application Measurement of Real World Quantities Analyze, Display and Control Data Processing

3. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 3 A Blend of Many Topics IBM PC CPU and Micro- Controllers Memory Devices Transducers and Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converters Serial and Parallel Communication PC Buses: PCI, USB Interrupts and Device Drivers Fast Devices Requiring DMA and other Techniques Basic Real World Electronics: Signal Conditioning, Processing

4. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 4 Strategy The Course should follow the well-know study cycle: Theory → Abstraction → Design More Emphasis on Hands-on Experience with Theory and Lab going side-by-side

5. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 5 Executive Summary Memory Interface1.5 Week IBM PC Memory Interface0.5 Basic IO0.5 PPI0.5 ADC and DAC1.0 Microcontrollers1.0 Interrupt Programming1.0 Transducers0.5 PC System Architecture and Buses1.0 Device Driver Programming1.0 Industrial Controllers0.5 Seminars0.5 Total = 10

6. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 6 Course Objectives At the end of the course the students will be able to:- Explain Memory Interfacing (C) Apply knowledge of Address Decoding Techniques (C) Explain Industrial Application of Microcontroller and Computers (C) Design an Interface B/W Computer and Real World (P) Use Microcomputer to input/output data to I/O devices (P) Explain use of Microcontrollers in Control Systems (P) Design Embedded and Stand-alone systems (P) Enjoy working on Interface Circuits (A) C = Cognitive, P = Psychomotor, A = Affective

7. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 7 Physical Layout of Experiment Board

8. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 8 List of Experiments Simple Input/Output1 Display Matrix (The Snake Game)1 A/D, D/A Conversion2 Microcontroller Programming2 Motor Speed Measurement and Control1 Interrupt Programming2 Device Driver Programming1

9. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 9 Experiments (Cont’d) Salient Features of Interface Board Easy to Understand Circuit Can be Connected to Any Computer Can be Leant

10. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 10 Pre-req Basic Assembly Language Programming Digital Logic A Lot of Interest and Spare Time

11. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 11 Grading policy Lab (Attendance, Assignments, Performance) 15% Quizzes + Assignments20% Mid-term Exam20% Final Exam30% Project14% Exhibition 1%

12. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 12 Text Books + Reading Primary J. Uffenbeck, The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming, and Interfacing, 2 nd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1998 Reading Material Class Notes

13. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 13 Three Major Processor Types General Purpose CPU Digital Signal Processor Micro-Controller 1. Memory Based Architecture 1. Army of on-chip Registers 1. On-Chip RAM and ROM 2. Von-Neuman Architecture 2. Harvard Architecture2. Von-Neuman but bit Addressable 3. Separate or on-board FP Unit 3. On-board + Barrel Shifter 3. Software emulation 4. No Analog to Digital Converter 4. Can Have ADCs4. Most have ADCs 5. General Purpose Instruction Set 5. An optimized Instruction Set. DSP Specific Instruction Like MAC 5. I/O Specific and Bit Addressable Memory MOV C, P1.4 SETB P2.5 6. Has Special Timers

14. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 14 Main Building Blocks of General Purpose Computer A General Purpose CPU RAM ROM EEPROM Cache Interrupt Controller Timing and Clock Generator Real Time Clock Timers Extension Slots Plug-in Cards Power Supply FDD HDD Mouse CD-ROM Modem Monitor Keyboard Serial and Parallel Communication Systems

15. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 15 Building Blocks of an Embedded System CPU General Purpose CPU Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Microcontroller ROM RAM Timers Timing and Clock Generator Real Time Clock Special I/O Devices (ADC and DAC) Interrupt Controllers

16. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 16 Boot Up Process General Purpose CPU Power On/RESET vector points to ROM. This jumps to POST After POST, Operating System takes Control System Startup Files are Run Control Handed Over to User

17. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 17 Processor Sate After Reset (8088) CSFFFFH DS0000H SS0000H ES0000H IP0000H FlagsClear QueueEmpty

18. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 18 Boot Up Process Embedded System Power On/RESET vector points to ROM where the main program resides Usually No Operating System /Simple Operating System on ROM Only the Required Hardware

19. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 19 Development of Intel Microprocessors Sr. Micro- Processor DateData Bus Address Bus MIPsMax. Memory Size Cache Size No. of Instr/ Trans BusMother Board Bus Characteristics Data Path Bus Speed  Band- width 1808519778160.564KNone246XT Bus811 28086/8088197816/8202.51M4 t o 620,000XT/AT Bus 380286198316244.016MAT/ISA1688 480386198632 504G1KMCA/EISA3210/8.320/16 580486198932 1004G8K1.2MVL/PCI323336 6Pentium199364321504G16K3.1MVL/PCI323336 7Pentium Pro(P6) 1995/66436>20064G16K + 256K 5.5M 24M (P3) 42M(P4) VL/PCI32/ 64 3366/ 133 XT = Extended Technology AT Advanced Technology ISA = Industrial Standard Architecture EISA = Enhanced ISA MCA = Microchannel Arch VL = VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association PCI = Peripheral Component Interconnect  In MHz in Mbytes

20. Muhammad Jahangir Ikram, March, 2005 20 IBM PC Physical Memory Map