1. SMAW (Stick Welding) Chapter 5
SECTION OVERVIEW:
Section Overviews are provided on the introductory slides at the front of each topical area to explain the intended use for the slides included in the section.
Slide numbers are included on the Section Overview slides for easy reference when preparing for delivery of the slide content.
TEACHER NOTES:
Teacher Notes are included on the Section Overview slides as a reference tool when making class preparations.
Suggested Activities are included as ideas for teachers to use to help students gain practical experience with the welding content. However, these are designed to be supplemented by each teacher based on local program needs.
Slides have been developed to incorporate content information regarding performance standards from the American Welding Society (AWS) and the National Academic Standards for English, Science, and Math.
INDIVIDUAL WELDING LESSON NOTES ARE AVAILABLE IN LESSON PLAN FACILITATOR’S GUIDE
SMAW
(Stick Welding)
Chapter 5

2. SMAW Principles SECTION OVERVIEW:
These slides are meant to lead into the discussion of the SMAW process
TEACHER NOTES:
Slides 7-16:
For more information on the American Welding Society, see ‘Arc Welding Basics’ and
Discussion could be given on stick electrodes commonly being between 9-18” long, and come in diameters ranging from 1/16” to 1/4”. An activity could be to show 3 electrodes all the same diameter: E6010 or E6011, E7018, and E Ask students to compare flux coatings (color, thickness, feel)
The size of the electrode is determined by the diameter of its metal core. PLEASE NOTE: The overall diameter of the electrode changes due to flux coating even though metal diameter remains the same.
An arc digs into the base metal much like water from a nozzle on a garden hose digs into the earth. (The flow of the water is like welding current and water pressure is similar to voltage)

3. SMAW Principles
The American Welding Society defines SMAW as Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SMAW:
Is commonly known as ‘Stick’ welding or manual arc welding
Is the most widely used arc welding process in the world
Can be used to weld most common metals and alloys

4. SMAW Welding Circuit
Current flows through the electrode cable, to the electrode holder, through the electrode, and across the arc
On the work side of the arc, the current flows through the base material to the work clamp and back to the welding machine

6. SMAW Process Let’s take a little closer look at the SMAW process… 1 2
Travel direction
Electrode
Arc 2
Weld Puddle 3
Shielding Gas 4
Solidified Weld Metal 5
Slag 6
Electrode 1
Travel direction
Shielding Gas 4
Slag 6 3
Weld Puddle 2
Arc 5
Solidified Weld Metal

7. Application Activity Let’s review the SMW process … 1 = __________
1 = __________
2 = __________
3 = __________
4 = __________
5 = __________
6 = __________

8. Is a consumable - it gets melted during the welding process
1- The Electrode
Is a consumable - it gets melted during the welding process
Is composed of two parts
Core Rod (Metal Filler)
Carries welding current
Becomes part of the weld
Flux Coating
Produces a shielding gas
Can provide additional filler
Forms a slag

9. 2- The Arc
An arc occurs when the electrode comes in contact with the work-piece and completes the circuit … like turning on a light!
The electric arc is established in the space between the end of the electrode and the work
The arc reaches temperatures of 10,000°F which melts the electrode and base material
Can you identify the weld joint and position being used?

10. 3- Weld Puddle
As the core rod, flux coating, and work pieces heat up and melt, they form a pool of molten material called a weld puddle
The weld puddle is what a welder watches and manipulates while welding
1/8” E6013 at 125 Amps AC

11. A shielding gas is formed when the flux coating melts.2 3
Shielding Gas 4
A shielding gas is formed when the flux coating melts.
This protects the weld puddle from the atmosphere preventing contamination during the molten state
The shielding gas protects the molten puddle from the atmosphere while stabilizing the arc

12. 5- Solidified Weld Metal
As the molten weld puddle solidifies, it forms a joint or connection between two pieces of base material
When done properly on steel, it results in a weld stronger than the surrounding base metal

13. 6- Slag
Slag is a combination of the flux coating and impurities from the base metal that float to the surface of the weld.
Slag quickly solidifies to form a solid coating
The slag also slows the cooling rate of the weld
The slag can be chipped away and cleaned with a wire brush when hard
This welder chips the slag off of a weld during the repair of railroad tracks

14. Equipment SECTION OVERVIEW:
These slides explain how to set up the equipment for SMAW and the process variables used.
TEACHER NOTES:
Slides 19-21: These slides explain SMAW equipment set up and operator controlled variables
The exposed metal end of the electrode should fit securely within the jaws of the electrode holder
Discuss how the correct amperage setting for any given electrode is important to ensure proper shape of bead, proper penetration, and minimal spatter.
Explain when the amperage is set too high the bead may be flat, have excessive spatter, have some porosity and the electrode will overheat. If the amperage setting is too low, difficulty is experienced in striking the arc and maintaining the correct arc length. The weld bead becomes convex with excessive overlap and poor penetration.
Discuss polarity – All stick electrodes run on DC. Not all will weld on AC. All electrodes have a preferred polarity and most are designated by the AWS.

15. A complete SMAW Station
A complete shielded metal arc welding station consists of:
A Welding Machine
An Electrode Lead
An Electrode Holder
A Workpiece Lead
A Workpiece Ground Clamp

16. Welding Leads
Welding Leads: large diameter, super flexible leads (cables) are used to carry current from the welding machine to the work and back.
Electrode Lead: The lead from the machine to the electrode holder.
Work piece lead or ground lead: The lead from the work to the machine.
Leads are well-insulated with rubber and a woven fabric reinforcing layer.
Leads are subjected to considerable wear and should be checked periodically for breaks in the insulation.

17. Welding Leads Leads are produced in several sizes.
The smaller the number, the larger the diameter.
The lead must be flexible to permit easy installation of the cable, and to reduce the strain on the arc welder’s hand when welding.
To produce this flexibility as many as 800 – 2500 fine wires are used in each cable.
The SAME diameter electric cable must be used on both the electrode and work piece leads.
The length of the lead has considerable effect on the size to be used for certain capacity machines.
Use short leads to minimize current loss due to the lead resistance.

18. Electrode Holders
Electrode Holder: the part of the arc welding equipment held by the operator when welding. Holds the electrode.
Many different styles and models are available, but they all have similar characteristics.

19. Weld-Cleaning Equipment
It is very important that the base metals in weldments be cleaned prior to welding.
It is difficult to weld dirty or corroded surfaces.
Resulting welds will normally be of poor quality.
Weldments: A unit composed of an assemblage of pieces welded together.

20. Chipping Hammer Chipping hammers are often double-ended.
One end is shaped like a chisel for general chipping.
The other end is shaped like a pick, for reaching into corners and narrow spaces.

21. Headgear
Arc welding requires the use of special equipment to protect skin surfaces, such as the hands, face and eyes.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires the use of a hard hat with the arc welding helmet on construction sites.

22. Arc Welding Helmet
An Arc Welding Helmet is used to protect the face and eyes.
It is mounted and supported on the head
Made of fiber, plastic or fiberglass and is formed in a shape that covers the front half of the head.
Headbands on the helmets are adjustable
There is an tension adjustment that keeps the helmet up.
You can adjust the tension so a slight nod of the head will allow the helmet to rotate down over your face

23. Welding Helmet Lenses
A good grade of colored arc welding filter lens will remove approximately 99.5% of the infrared rays and 99.75% of the ultraviolet rays from the light emitted by the arc.
U.S. Bureau of Standards developed recommended shades for various arc welding applications.
Shade number 10, 12 and 14 are the common ones used for SMAW.
The higher the shade number, the lower the transmission of infrared or ultraviolet rays.
Autodarkening: Helmets have been developed that have a battery-powered photoelectric cell built in.
The lens is clear until an arc is struck.
The circuitry of the photoelectric cell then instantly darkens the lens.

24. Arc Safety
Excess ultraviolet rays may cause eye pain for 8 to 18 hours after exposure.
Infrared and ultraviolet light rays can severely injure the eyes; every precaution should be taken to shield the eyes from these rays.

26. Shield
A shield is used in a metal shop for jobs such as grinding and cutting.
Similar design to a welding helmet.
Headbands on the shield are adjustable.
Made of fiber, plastic or fiberglass and is formed in a shape that covers the front half of the head.
Can not be used to weld with.

27. Safety Glasses
A welder must wear safety glasses at all time under a welding helmet or shield.
They enable the operator to set up work, chip welds and still have eye protection from flying particles.

28. Clothing
While an arc weld is in progress, the molten flux and the metal itself sometimes spatter for a considerable distance around the joint being welded.
The operator must, therefore, be protected from the danger of being burned by these hot particles.
Such clothing as gloves, cap, cape, shoes and aprons.
All these clothing articles should be made of leather or approved clothing for welding.

29. Welding Gloves
Welding gloves are made of leather and are wore during welding.
Gloves should be worn to cover the hands and wrists and to prevent “sunburn”
During the welding process, skin not covered will be exposed to UV rays and sunburned.

30. Welding Cap A welding cap can be worn underneath the welding helmet.
Protects top of head from spatter.
Helpful when welding overhead.

31. Welding Cape
A welding cape is worn to protect shoulders and arms from spatter.

32. Welding Boots Welding boots should be made of leather and high topped.
NO tennis shoes

33. Welding Pants Pants should be jean/coverall material.
Pants worn by the welder should not have cuffs.
Cuffs may catch burning particles as they fall.

34. Welding Aprons
A welding apron can be worn over a long sleeve shirt during welding to protect the front of the operator.

35. AWS Classification of SMAW Electrodes
SECTION OVERVIEW:
This section is meant to lead into a discussion regarding the AWS Classification of SMAW Electrodes
TEACHER NOTES:
Slides 35-36:
For more information on the AWS classification of SMAW electrodes see Lincoln Electric’s free ‘Stick Electrode Product Catalog’ -

36. SMAW Electrodes
Electrodes have a solid metal wire core and a thick flux covering (coating).
These electrodes are identified by the wire diameter and by a series of letters and numbers.
These letters and numbers identify the metal alloy and the intended use of the electrode.
The common diameters are 1/16”, 3/32”, 1/8”, 5/32”, 3/16”, 7/32”, 1/4”, 5/16”, and 3/8”.
Available in lengths from 9” to 18”. Most common is 14”.
The electrodes are usually purchased in 50 lb. packages

37. SMAW Electrodes
SMAW electrodes are produced for welding on many metals and alloys including:
Carbon Steels
Low-Alloy Steels
Corrosion-Resistant Steels
Cast Irons
Aluminum and Aluminum alloys
Copper and Copper Alloys
Nickel and Nickel Alloys
Surfacing
Alloy: Pure metal that has additional metal or nonmetal elements added while molten. The alloy has mechanical properties that are improved from the pure metal.

38. SMAW Electrodes
Flux: The covering on a shielded metal arc welding electrode
The flux on the electrode performs many different functions.
1. Producing a protective gas around the weld area.
2. Providing fluxing elements and deoxidizers.
3. Creating a solid coating over the weld as it cools.
4. Establishing electrical characteristics.
5. Adding alloying elements.

39. 1. Protective Gas
During the arc process, some of the flux covering changes to neutral gases or reducing gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) or hydrogen (H).
These gases prevent oxygen from coming in contact with the molten metal.

40. 2.Fluxing Elements
The covering also contains special fluxing ingredients that work to remove impurities from the molten metal.
Impurities are floated to the top of the molten weld pool.

41. 3. Solid Coating
Slag: As the electrode flux coating residue cools, it forms a coating of material over the weld called slag.
Prevents the air from contacting the hot metal.
Allows the weld to cool more slowly and helps prevent a hard, brittle weld.

42. 4. Electrical Characteristics
When welding with AC, the current changes direction and actually stops 120 times per second.
To maintain an arc as the current changes directions, ingredients are added to the covering of the electrode to create an ionized gas.
This gas allows good arc stability when welding with AC.

43. 5. Alloying Elements
Alloying elements are added to the weld pool as the covering is melted.
These electrodes deposit metal into the weld at a faster rate than standard electrodes.
A good flux-covered electrode can produce a weld that has excellent physical and chemical properties.

44. Electrode Classification
The American Welding Society has developed a series of identifying number classifications.
Uses four or five digits.

45. AWS Classification of SMAW Electrodes
E70XX
Electrode
Tensile in Ksi
Welding Position:
1 = All Position, 2 = Flat & Horizontal
Type of Current and Coating 9

46. Tensile Strength
E70XX
E: indicates a welding electrode used in arc welding.

47. Tensile Strength
E70XX
The first two or three digits represent the tensile strength
E70XX = 70,000 psi, E100XX = 100,000psi
Psi: Pounds per square inch
May also be shown as ksi
Ksi: Kilopounds per square inch
70 ksi = 70,000 psi

48. Welding Position
E70XX
The second digit from the right indicates the recommended position of the joint that the electrode is designed to weld.
EXX1X: Will weld in all positions
EXX2X: Are used for welds in the flat or horizontal welding position only.

49. Type of Current and Coating
E70XX
The last two digits need to be looked at together.
The two digits give the welder information on the electrode covering, current to use and position to use the electrode.
*Refer to chart for more information

51. Chapter 6

52. Electricity
Electricity flows in two ways: Either in an alternating current (AC) or in a direct current (DC).
Electricity or “current” is nothing but the movement of electrons through a conductor, like a wire.
DC: The electrons flow steadily in a single direction, or “forward”.
AC: Electrons keep switching directions, sometimes going “forward” and then going “backward”

53. Setting the Machine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XsllbOLIDo

54. Striking an Arc
To begin the SMAW Process, you must first strike an arc. This can be done using one of the following techniques:
Scratch start – scratch the electrode on the base metal like a match
Tap Start – tap the rod against the base metal

55. Work Angle
The work angle is the angle between the electrode and the work as depicted on the left
Work angles can vary depending on the position the weld is being made in
90°

56. Also commonly called Lead Angle
Travel Angle
Also commonly called Lead Angle
The travel (lead) angle is the angle between the electrode and the plane perpendicular to the weld axis
20-30°

57. Arc Length
After striking the arc, maintain a 1/8” distance between the electrode and the workpiece
If the arc length becomes too short, the electrode will get stuck to the workpiece or ‘short out’
If the arc length becomes too long; spatter, undercut, and porosity can occur
A proper arc length will produce a crackling sound like bacon frying.
Arc Length = 1/8”

58. Travel Speed
The travel speed is the speed at which the electrode moves along the base material while welding
Too fast of a travel speed results in a ropey or convex weld
Too slow of a travel speed results in a wide weld with an excessive metal deposit
End of Weld
The travel speed impacts the shape of the bead.

59. Filling the Crater
At the end of the weld, the operator breaks the arc which creates a ‘crater’
Use a short pause or slight back step at the end of the weld to fill the crater
Large craters can cause weld cracking
Back stepping is a short move in the opposite direction of weld travel

60. Restarting a Bead Here is the proper technique for restarting a weld:
1. Strike Arc Here
2. Move Electrode to Crown of Crater
3. Resume Forward Travel

61. Cleaning
Slag must be removed after completing the bead, prior to welding over a bead, and before painting.
If slag is not removed before restarting a weld or before welding over a bead, the resulting weld will have slag inclusions.
Slag inclusions: Are pieces of slag trapped, or included, in the weld.
Remove slag with a wire brush or chipping hammer.

62. Joint Designs The five basic joint designs are: Butt Lap Corner
T-joint
Edge

63. Joint Designs

64. SMAW Safety Fumes and Gases can be dangerous
Keep your head out of the fumes
Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, to keep fumes and gases from your breathing zone and the general area
The SMAW process can withstand wind and exhaust near the arc from ventilation equipment
Electric Shock can kill – to receive a shock your body must touch the electrode and work or ground at the same time
Do not touch the electrode or metal parts of the electrode holder with skin or wet clothing
Arc Rays can injure eyes and skin - Choose correct filter shade.

65. Center-Stanton Agriculture Welding
Get started working right away when class starts.
Change into your welding clothes quickly.
If you forget them you will receive a zero for the day and receive a paper assignment.
Last 10 minutes is used for cleaning.
You MUST clean the entire time.
Welding stations and work areas must be kept clean.
Do NOT throw metal and electrodes in the garbage.
Make sure all welding machines are turned off.
NEVER leave hot metal lying around.

66. All position capabilities Easy to change between many base materials
Advantages of SMAW
Low initial cost
Portable
Easy to use outdoors
All position capabilities
Easy to change between many base materials
What safety precautions should be taken by these welders?

67. Lower consumable efficiency Difficult to weld very thin materials
Limitations of SMAW
Lower consumable efficiency
Difficult to weld very thin materials
Frequent restarts
Lower operating factor
Higher operator skill required for SMAW than some other processes
Building a barge in a large shipyard

68. Troubleshooting Welds
SECTION OVERVIEW:
The next slide discusses several troubleshooting topics.
TEACHER NOTES:
Slide 30-31: Weld troubleshooting. The beads on the pad depict changes in welding variables and their results. Discuss the following:
A – Good Weld: Proper Current, Travel Speed and Arc Length
B – Current too low: Ropey, convex bead appearance
C – Current too High: Excess spatter and possible burn-through of base materials
D – Arc Length too short: Poor wet-in at toes, electrode can ‘short’ to base material
E – Arc Length too Long: Excess spatter, undercut and porosity
F – Travel Speed too slow: Wide weld with excess metal deposit
G – Travel Speed too high: Ropey and convex bead

69. Weld flaws and defects Completed welds may have a variety of flaws.
A welder may find the following weld flaws and defects:
Poor weld proportions
Undercutting
Lack of penetration
Surface flaws and defects.

71. Troubleshooting WeldsA B C D E F G
These welds were cut and etched with nitric acid to show penetration

72. Lesson Plans SECTION OVERVIEW:
These slides are used for practicing lesson content in the lab setting.
TEACHER NOTES:
Slides 37-53: When using these slides, teachers might want to reference information included in the Facilitator’s Guide.
Recommended equipment – Only one of the single process or multi-process machines is required to complete the lesson.

73. SMAW Lesson #1 Objective: Strike and establish an arc Equipment:
Single Process – Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate 1/8” or thicker
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC

74. SMAW Lesson #2
Objective: To run a straight bead on flat plate and to fill the crater
Equipment:
Single Process Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate 3/16” or thicker
1/8” Fleetweld 37 (E6013)
Good
Poor

75. SMAW Lesson #4 Objective: To build a pad Equipment: Material:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate 3/16” or thicker
1/8” Fleetweld 37 (E6013)

76. SMAW Lesson #5 2F Top View Side View
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a lap joint in the horizontal position (AWS Position 2F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC 2F
Top View
Side View

77. SMAW Lesson #6
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a tee joint in the horizontal position (AWS Position 2F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC 2F

78. SMAW Lesson #7
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a tee joint in the horizontal position (AWS Position 2F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Excalibur 7018 (E7018) for DC
or Lincoln 7018AC (E7018) for AC 2F

79. SMAW Lesson #8
Objective: To make a three pass fillet weld on a tee joint in the horizontal position (AWS Position 2F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate – ¼”
1/8” Excalibur 7018 (E7018) for DC or
Lincoln 7018AC (E7018) for AC 2F

80. SMAW Lesson #9
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a lap joint in the vertical position welding down (AWS Position 3FD)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Fleetweld 37 (E6013)
3FD

81. SMAW Lesson #10
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a tee joint in the vertical position welding down (AWS Position 3FD)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC
3FD

82. SMAW Lesson #11
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a lap joint in the overhead position (AWS Position 4F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC 4F

83. SMAW Lesson #12
Objective: To make a fillet weld on a tee joint in the overhead position (AWS Position 4F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate - 10 gauge
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC 4F

84. SMAW Lesson #13
Objective: To make a single pass fillet weld on a tee joint in the vertical position welding up (AWS Position 3F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate – 1/4”
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC 3F

85. SMAW Lesson #14
Objective: To make a three pass fillet weld on a tee joint in the vertical position welding up (AWS Position 3F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate – 1/4”
1/8” Fleetweld 5P+ (E6010) for DC or Fleetweld 180 (E6011) for AC 3F

86. SMAW Lesson #15
Objective: To make a single pass fillet weld on a tee joint in the vertical position welding up (AWS Position 3F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate – 1/4”
1/8” Excalibur 7018 (E7018) for DC or Lincoln 7018AC (E7018) for AC 3F

87. SMAW Lesson #16
Objective: To make a three pass fillet weld on a tee joint in the vertical position welding up (AWS Position 3F)
Equipment:
Single Process - Constant Current Power Source
Idealarc 250 and accessories
Precision TIG 225 and accessories
Multi-Process
Power MIG 350 MP
Material:
Mild Steel Plate – 1/4”
1/8” Excalibur 7018 (E7018) for DC or
Lincoln 7018AC (E7018) for AC 3F

88. AWS Connection SECTION OVERVIEW:
The next few slides discuss the connection of this unit with AWS and the certification process.
TEACHER NOTES:
Slide 54-55: Content included in this unit of study is designed to be used by interested students as a building block in the learning process if interested in pursuing a certification program

89. AWS Connection
The SMAW Welding Unit of study incorporates the following information taken from the AWS EG 2.0 requirements:
Set up for SMAW operations on carbon steel
Operate SMAW equipment on carbon steel
Make SMAW fillet welds on carbon steel

90. English, Math, and Science Connection
SECTION OVERVIEW:
The next slide discusses how the content covered in the welding unit is applicable to English, Math, and Science classes.
TEACHER NOTES:
Slides 56-57: These slides contain information regarding how this welding unit of study relates to the National Academic Standards.

91. National Academic Standards Crosswalk
The unit, just completed, has covered parts of academic content listed in the National Academic Standards as follows:
NM-PROB.CONN.PK-12.3: Recognizes and applies mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics.
NLA-STANDARD 1: Uses the general skills and strategies of the writing process.
NLA-STANDARD 7: Uses reading skills and strategies to understand and interpret a variety of informational texts.
NS-PHYSICAL SCIENCE: (Experiences) interactions of energy and matter.

92. SMAW Equipment Set Up Turn power supply on Connect work clamp
Select electrode
a. Type
b. Diameter
4. Adjust output
a. Polarity
b. Amperage
6. Insert electrode into electrode holder

93. SMAW Process Variables
Settings on the machine
Polarity : AC, DC+, DC-
Amperage Output
Operator Controlled Variables
Work Angle
Travel Angle
Arc Length
Travel Speed
A straight AC machine will not have a polarity switch like this AC/DC machine