1. Canadian Geography 1202 Unit One – Natural and Human Systems

2. What Are Systems? A system is made up of many parts that connect to form a whole Is Earth system?

3. Systems Systems are connected into a complex web. Systems are dynamic Systems have synergy Systems are connected into a complex web. Systems are dynamic Systems have synergy Dynamic: Continually Changing Synergy: Whole system is greater than the sum of its parts How is this system dynamic? How does this system show synergy? How is this system dynamic? How does this system show synergy?

4. Natural and Human Systems Natural Systems: Systems that occur in nature. Human Systems: Systems created by people Hayman Island Resort They include The circulation of water, Weather and climate Drainage systems Energy Cycles They include The circulation of water, Weather and climate Drainage systems Energy Cycles Together Natural Systems form the ecosystems that make up our environment Ecosystem: Community of plants and animals that interact with each other They include: Settlements Transportation systems Communication systems Information systems They include: Settlements Transportation systems Communication systems Information systems

5. Natural Systems Support all living things Are connected to one another in a complex network of relationships Decompose and recycle all waste Operate over very long timelines Operate in all four of earth’s spheres Display synergy Are driven by the sun Characteristics common among All Natural Systems.

6. Earth’s Four Natural Systems

7. Cause and effect relationship Protects you from the suns intense energy Circulates air Regulates temperature Cause and effect relationship Protects you from the suns intense energy Circulates air Regulates temperature Atmosphere: Thin layer of mixed gases that make up the are you breathe Features Consist of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and Ozone Features Consist of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and Ozone Atmosphere

8. Lithosphere Cause and effect relationship – Lithosphere broken into plates – Movement of plates causes plate tectonics – Results in earthquakes volcanoes, and mountains Cause and effect relationship – Lithosphere broken into plates – Movement of plates causes plate tectonics – Results in earthquakes volcanoes, and mountains Lithosphere: The earth’s uppermost crust and part of the underlying mantle Main features: Consists of rock and minerals Varies in thickness from 2km (under oceans) to 250km (under thick continents) Main features: Consists of rock and minerals Varies in thickness from 2km (under oceans) to 250km (under thick continents)

9. Hydrosphere Cause and effect relationships: – Moderates temperature – Used for transportation – Essential for life Cause and effect relationships: – Moderates temperature – Used for transportation – Essential for life Hydrosphere: All the water on the Earth’s crust Main features: Lakes, rivers, glaciers, swamps, water vapour in the atmosphere Includes all water stored in organs of plants and animals Main features: Lakes, rivers, glaciers, swamps, water vapour in the atmosphere Includes all water stored in organs of plants and animals

10. Biosphere – Cause and effect relationships: Includes all interactions between plants and animals. – Cause and effect relationships: Includes all interactions between plants and animals. Biosphere: Layer of the earth where all life evolves Main Features: Supports all living things on earth Includes all life in the atmosphere and Hydrosphere Main Features: Supports all living things on earth Includes all life in the atmosphere and Hydrosphere

12. Examples of Natural Systems Examples of Natural Systems In the atmosphere air is cycled from warmer areas to cooler areas. I n t h e a t m o s p h e r e a i r i s c y c l e d f r o m w a r m e r a r e a s t o c o o l e r a r e a s. This moderates the temperature. T h i s m o d e r a t e s t h e t e m p e r a t u r e. Without atmospheric circulation it would always be colder in Canada!! W i t h o u t a t m o s p h e r i c c i r c u l a t i o n i t w o u l d a l w a y s b e c o l d e r i n C a n a d a ! !

13. Examples of Natural Systems The water cycle is a key natural system Has a defined beginning and end Earth never loses or gains any water All of our water has been recycled over hundreds of millions of years. 1. Water is stored in the ocean 2. Evaporation and transpiration sends moisture into the atmosphere 3. As moisture gathers and cools it condenses 4. Precipitation 5. Water runs off through, lakes, streams, and underground aquifers.

14. Examples of Natural Systems In the Hydrosphere ocean currents circulate the water and moisture. Ocean currents have a dramatic effect on climate. Warm ocean currents bring moisture Cool ocean currents are associated with deserts

15. Examples of Natural Systems Desert Cold Current Desert Cold Current Desert Cold Current

16. Examples of Natural Systems The rock cycle is how the Lithosphere recycles itself 1. Volcanoes and cooling magma form igneous rock 2. Over time the rock is weathered, eroded away, and deposited 3. As sediment builds up it forms sedimentary rock 4. As sedimentary rock is pulled under it is subjected to heat and pressure forming metamorphic rock 5. Eventually the rock melts and the cycle starts again

17. Examples of Natural Systems The biosphere is where all living things interact One of the most simple ways animals interact is in a food chain The sequence of producer consumer decomposer is also a natural system