1. 1.7 Genetic Variation Define variation:
What two factors can affect the characteristics of an organism?
Give a definition for sexual reproduction.
What is the scientific name for an organism produced by asexual reproduction?
What is a mutation?.
1.7 Genetic
Variation
Why do organisms produced by sexual reproduction show greater variation than those formed by asexual reproduction?
What is a gene?
Complete the table below.
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Number of parents
Is there mixing of genes?
Are gametes involved?
Increases variation?
Describe two ways in which you can clone a plant.
Why do plants and animals share characteristics with their parents?
Put the following words in order from smallest to larges to describe how genetic material is organised.
Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell, Gene
How was dolly the sheep created by adult cell cloning?
Describe how you would use a plant to produce human growth hormone.
Explain how an embryo transplant can be used to clone a cow.
Why are some people opposed to the genetic modification of organisms?
List some reasons for genitcally modifying a plant..
Why is an organism produced by adult cell cloning considered a clone?

2. 1.7 Genetic Variation Define variation:
Differences between living organisms.
What two factors can affect the characteristics of an organism?
Genes
Environment
Give a definition for sexual reproduction.
Fusion of male and female gametes
What is the scientific name for an organism produced by asexual reproduction?
Clone
What is a mutation?.
A change in DNA.
1.7 Genetic
Variation
Why do organisms produced by sexual reproduction show greater variation than those formed by asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the mixing of genes from two parents; asexual genes are inherited from one parent only
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that controls the characteristic of an organism.
Complete the table below.
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Number of parents
Is there mixing of genes?
Are gametes involved?
Increases variation? 2
Yes 1 No
Describe two ways in which you can clone a plant.
Cuttings: cut leaf from adult plant bud, dip in rooting powder and plant in compost
Tissue culture: take a small group of cells form an adult plant and grow on sterile agar
Why do plants and animals share characteristics with their parents?
They inherit genes passed on when their parent’s gametes fuse.
Put the following words in order from smallest to larges to describe how genetic material is organised.
Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell, Gene
Gene -> Chromosome - > Nucleus -> Cell
How was dolly the sheep created by adult cell cloning?
Nucleus removed from unfertilised egg cell
Nucleus from an adult body cell inserted into unfertilised egg cell
Electric shock given to stimulate the cell to divide.
Ball of cells implanted into surrogate
Describe how you would use a plant to produce human growth hormone.
Enzymes used to cut gene out of human chromosome
Other enzymes used to insert gene into plant chromosome
Plant cell divides and makes hormone
Explain how an embryo transplant can be used to clone a cow.
Cells are taken from a growing embryo before they become specialised
Each cell transplanted into a surrogate mother
Why are some people opposed to the genetic modification of organisms?
Damage to modified organism
May lead to a smaller gene pool
May upset natural balance of the ecosystem.
May harm the health of humans who eat GM organisms
List some reasons for genitcally modifying a plant..
Herbicide resistant
Insect resistant
Produce novel protein
Increase yield
Why is an organism produced by adult cell cloning considered a clone?
Has genetic information from one parent only.