1. Europe during the Renaissance? Map book pages 90-91 Copy and answer the following questions! 1.Define the Renaissance. 2.Where did it begin? 3.What were the scholars rediscovering? 4.Who funded (paid for) art? 5.What family controlled Florence, Italy? 6.What was Florence? (pg 91) 7.What invention allowed the spread of ideas in Europe?

2. What was the Renaissance? What was the Renaissance, and where did it begin? Italy Italian Cities Urban Societies Major Trading Centers Rebirth of culture focused on the Secular (World) Moved away from life in the church Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life http://www.history.com/topics/black- death

4. Europe after the Middle Ages

5. Florence, Italy Financial Center of the Renaissance

6. The Renaissance was a time of renewal Renaissance means “rebirth” in Europe after recovering from the Dark ages, the plague, and lose of faith in the Catholic Church people rediscovered Greek and Roman art, science, and philosophy People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings. The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature

7. How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance? Increased demand for Middle Eastern products Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets Encouraged the use of credit and banking Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy. Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade. New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.

8. Major Italian Cities Italy failed to become united during the Ages. Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art. Milan Venice Florence Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Florence Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts. Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

9. Renaissance Man New Discoveries Humanism and Education Shift in Social Order Ancient Philosophers : – Socrates –Plato –Aristotle

10. Renaissance Man “Belief that a well-educated person knows a little about everything” Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Men who had curiosity about the world, science, art, architecture and wanted to earn a living plus believed it was their civic duty to educate and change the world The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. Why were there so many Renaissance men during the Renaissance? o Lack of boundaries between disciplines o Curiosity about the world

11. How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance? Describes the school of philosophical, intellectual, and literary thought from 1400-1650: Emphasis on human freedom and responsibility; Return to the pagan classics; Reliance on God and faith weakened; Fortuna (chance) replaces Providence (God’s direction). The world as it is becomes an end rather than a preparation for Heaven Celebrated the individual Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture Was supported by wealthy patrons

12. The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular. Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

13. Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion, Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form - HUMANISM New Techniques also emerged Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings Architecture reached new heights of design such as St. Peter’s Basilica

14. Michelangelo Buonarroti - Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9owI 8k7x1E

15. David Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504. Michelangelo was funded by the Medici Family of Florence.

16. Sistine Chapel About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

17. Creation of Eve Creation of Adam Separation of Light and Darkness The Last Judgment

18. St. Peter’s Architect for St. Peter’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEE3 B8Fsuc0

19. La Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gILlQ MP-t_A

20. Moses  Received funding from Pope Leo X

21. Legacy World’s greatest sculptor –Saw the figure inside the stone and remove excess Painter Poet Architect Engineer

22. 1452-1519 Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer, Scientist Genius! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur3Jd 2AWBG0

23. Early Life Madonna of the Rocks –Geometrical arrangement of figures –Foreshortening –Background treatments –Artists live on commissions

24. Milan Last Supper –Used new fresco method –Built into the room's end Light from the side with the window Door cut below During WWII a bomb hit the monastery Destroyed by erosion

25. Last Supper https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iV6_ wTrkd70

26. “Among all the studies and reasoning, Light chiefly delights the beholder; and among the great features of mathematics the certainty of its demonstrations is what preeminently tends to elevate the mind of the investigator. Perspective, therefore must be preferred to all the discourses and systems of human learning.” – Leonardo da Vinci

27. Mona Lisa The greatness of the Mona Lisa –What do you see? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjT4h QNRCQg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IitbJ szd1kM

28. Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

29. "'Those [artists] who are enamored of practice without science,' Leonardo explained, 'are like sailors who board a ship without rudder and compass, never having any certainty as to whither they go.'" – Isacoff, Stuart, Temperament, Vintage Books, 2001, p. 85.

30. Notebooks Coded –Read R L with a mirror Scientific illustration –Used science to support art

31. Military

32. Aeronautics

33. Anatomy

34. Technology Machines Hydraulics Vehicles on land Architecture Scientific method

35. “Those sciences are vain and filled with errors which are not borne of experiment, the mother of all certainty.” Leonardo da Vinci

36. Legacy Only 17 paintings Notebooks Drawings of unfinished works Diverted rivers to prevent flooding Principles of turbine Cartography Submarine Flying machine Parachute …And much more…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMf8hFBJylA

37. Big Idea Question of the Day: Respond in complete sentences 4+ What impact did Gutenberg Printing Press have on education, language, and religion in Europe and around the world? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qexDBgWM2X8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qexDBgWM2X8 (Take Notes)

38. Johannes Gutenberg -Invented the movable type printing press - 1450AD Printing Press helped disseminate ideas, the production and sale of books allowed education to flourish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1vl2 j24Mtk

39. Northern Renaissance Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. Gutenberg’s Printing Press (1450 AD) helps distribute books, ideas, and increases literacy. Northern Renaissance writers Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) Sir Thomas More—Utopia (1516) Machiavelli – The Prince (1532) Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.

40. Erasmus  Dutch humanist  Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible  “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated... As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it”  Wrote the “The Praise of Folly”  Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy.  He felt people should be open minded and be kind to others.

41. Sir Thomas More  English Humanist  Wrote: Utopia - A book about a perfect society  Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peSp UDMcGR8

42. Bell Ringer – Page 55  Read - The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli  Write and Answer the Thinking Critically Questions 1-2  Can read with a partner, but must do own work Niccolò Machiavelli

43. Political Ideas of the Renaissance  Wrote “The Prince” – A book about rulers using absolute power  Machiavelli believed:  “ The means justifies the end”  “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit”  Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.  He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience. Niccolò Machiavelli – Father of Modern Politics

44. Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making Ruler keeps power by any means necessary The end justifies the means Be good when possible, and evil when necessary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44DN BRL4nR8

45. Effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution  Communal knowledge possible  Scientists could form distant communities  Page numbering and indexes invented and used  Standardization in form and spelling  Reading moves from communal to private activity;  Authorship becomes more important and profitable.  Who wrote it becomes important  Early copyright and intellectual property laws established  Decline of Latin and move towards vernacular language use  Contributed to growing nationalism

46. Renaissance Music

47. Basic structure Words dominate Tone painting

48. Texture Middle ages: –Monophonic Renaissance: –Polyphonic Late Renaissance: –Homophonic Harmonies based upon Pythagoras

49. Petrarch Sonnets, humanist scholarship Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 Assembled Greek and Roman writings. Wrote Sonnets to Laura, love poems in the Vernacular

50. Musical Notation Invented to publish books of music Invented instruments Instrumental arrangements appeared

51. Religious Music Natural sounding music Mass Composer’s music had to be screened

52. Giovanni Palestrina Adult life in Rome –Choirmaster, singer,/ director of music Reactionary period –Church suppressed music that did not enhance words of the Mass –Polyphony was distracting Works were conservative

53. Giovanni Palestrina Wrote over 100 masses –Gregorian chant –Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus Influenced later music Buried in St. Peter’s Basilica –“The Prince of Music”

54. Secular Music New instruments Chansons favored in the court –Courtly Love Madrigals –Poetry and Music

55. Dances As important as music First considered a separate form of art Some courts had dance masters –“balli”

56. Bibliography Images from: Corbis.com Web Gallary of Art www.wga.hu

57. New Discoveries

58. The Age of Exploration

59. The Ottoman Empire

60. Global Effects: –Led to the Age of Imperialism, where European powers dominated the planet –Indigenous people in North and South America and Africa were enslaved and exploited;

61. Effects  Communal knowledge possible  Scientists could form distant communities  Page numbering and indexes invented and used  Standardization in form and spelling  Reading moves from communal to private activity;  Authorship becomes more important and profitable.  Who wrote it becomes important  Early copyright and intellectual property laws established  Decline of Latin and move towards vernacular language use  Contributed to growing nationalism

62. Science: Copernicus

63. Ptolemy vs. Copernicus