1. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 1 PowerPoint Presentation Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois

2. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 2 Chapter 3 Primary Considerations

3. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 3 Chapter 3 Overview Introduction Site Considerations –Community. –Cost and restrictions. –Zoning and codes. –Topographical features. Family Needs Budgeting for Housing (continued)

4. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 4 Chapter 3 Overview Other Considerations –Modular aspects. –Quality of living. Drawings Included in a Set of Plans –Brief plan descriptions. –Other plans.

5. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 5 Learning Objectives Discuss key site considerations, restrictions, zoning, and codes. Evaluate a site with respect to important considerations. Record topographical features of a site. (continued)

6. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 6 Learning Objectives List family needs that should be considered when planning or purchasing a dwelling. Develop a budget for purchasing or constructing a house. Describe the basic construction drawings used to build a structure.

7. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 7 Introduction Most people have a “dream home” in the back of their mind that they hope to build some day. However, few people think beyond the house itself. They should look at the site location and characteristics, community attributes, zoning, lifestyle, and quality of living.

8. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 8 Site Considerations The site is more than just a plot of land. It is part of a larger community.site –It is in a certain school district. –It is a given distance from shopping areas. –An airport or major traffic artery may be nearby. –The community may be growing or stagnant. (continued)

9. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 9 Site Considerations –The topography is important.topography –The land may be rolling or flat, high and dry or low and wet, big or small, wooded or treeless. –It is located in a warm or cold climate. –It is probably the second most expensive item. –The characteristics of a site frequently indicate the basic house style. (continued)

10. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 10 Site Considerations –A flat topography lends itself to a ranch or two-story house. –A hilly or sloping site is ideal for a split- level home. –A house with large windows is compatible with a site that has lots of trees. Take full advantage of the site characteristics when planning a home.

11. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 11 Site Considerations A homesite is always part of a larger community, subdivision, city, or state. (Midwestern Consulting, Inc.)

12. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 12 The Community The community and neighborhood should be evaluated on the following: –Is the community well planned? –Are existing homes in your price range? –Are the neighbors in about the same social and economic category as you? –Is the community alive and growing? –Does the community have room for growth? (continued)

13. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 13 The Community A planned community neighborhood that takes advantage of the natural site characteristics. (Midwestern Consulting, Inc.)

14. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 14 The Community This block of homes represents an example of little planning and no central theme.

15. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 15 The Community –Do the residents of the community take pride in their homes? –Does the community have modern churches, quality schools, and shopping? –Are fire protection, water, sewer, gas, and garbage collection facilities available? –Is the site near where you work? –Is public transportation available? –Is there a high rate of turnover?

16. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 16 Cost and Restrictions The relationship between the cost of the home and the cost of the site is variable: –Are there needed improvements? –How much frontage does the site have? –Is it a corner lot? –Are there assessments for improvements? Property ownership is assigned through a document called a deed.deed (continued)

17. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 17 Cost and Restrictions A typical property deed.

18. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 18 Cost and Restrictions Even if not required, a title search should be conducted for your protection. The deed will show any restrictions or easements attached to the property. Restrictions may specify the style of house, size, or cost of the house. The deed is a very important document and should be examined by an attorney.

19. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 19 Zoning and Codes Zoning creates areas that have certain building requirements assigned.Zoning Zoning is usually based on local building codes. Investigate the zoning ordinances in the area where the site is located. Check the zoning on adjacent properties as well. (continued)

20. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 20 Zoning and Codes Another area for consideration is local building codes. Building codes specify requirements for construction methods and materials.Building codes Building codes may restrict the type of house you plan to build. Codes can also affect construction cost. (continued)

21. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 21 Zoning and Codes If codes are lax, the quality of homes in the area may be poor. Generally, all construction and remodeling require building permits. Contact your local building department to determine the cost of permits, required inspections, and other building regulations.

22. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 22 Zoning and Codes A building permit.

23. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 23 Topographical Features Topography of the site is a primary concern. Topographical drawings show the site slope, contour, size, shape, and elevation; soil conditions may be shown. These factors may limit the type of structure that can be built on the site. (continued)

24. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 24 Site Topography This site plan shows the topographical features of the site. (Midwestern Consulting, Inc.)

25. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 25 Topographical Features If the site is rural, you might have to provide water and a septic system. –Be aware of this before the house is built. –A site smaller than one acre may not meet zoning or code requirements. The shape of the site is important as it may limit construction possibilities.

26. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 26 Property Shape Property shape is important in determining the size and style of house to be designed. Each of these sites has 15,000 square feet.

27. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 27 Family Needs A functional house will represent the lifestyle of those who occupy it. Family size is a major consideration. –Each member needs personal space. Provide space for family activities. –Meeting guests, preparing food, dining, entertaining, recreation, laundering. (continued)

28. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 28 Family Needs Space for individual activities. –Sleeping, dressing, relaxing, working, bathing, hobbies, studying. Space for other activities. –Housekeeping, planning, storage. The important point is to provide for activities that the family will be engaged in; the structure should serve these needs.

29. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 29 Budgeting for Housing Whether building or buying a house, the cost will be very large. You need to determine how much you can spend on housing, which depends on several factors. –Income, other expenses and obligations, housing needs, and expected future income. (continued)

30. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 30 Budgeting for Housing Calculate how much you can afford to spend on housing over a period of time. –No more than 1/3 of take-home pay.take-home pay Housing cost includes mortgage or rent, utility cost, property tax, and insurance. To determine how much you can afford for housing, add all monthly nonhousing expenses. (continued)

31. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 31 Budgeting for Housing Monthly nonhousing expenses include: –Food, clothing, transportation, recreation, loans, insurance, taxes, etc. Next, find the amount you have to spend each month. –Include all income and earnings. –Subtract nonhousing expenses. –This is the maximum that you can afford to spend each month. (continued)

32. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 32 Budgeting for Housing Generally, you should plan to spend no more than 2-1/2 times your gross annual income. –For example, if your gross annual income is $25,000, you could spend up to $62,500 for a home.gross annual income Mortgage lenders usually limit the loan payment to no more than 28% of your gross monthly income. (continued)

33. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 33 Budgeting for Housing The monthly mortgage payment will depend on: –Sale price of the house. –Amount of down payment. –Current interest rate. –Length of the loan. Until the owner has 20% equity in the home, private mortgage insurance is usually required.equity

34. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 34 Other Considerations A house should not be planned entirely from an “inside-out” approach. Consideration should be given to the exterior design, size, and materials. Consider the modular aspects of materials to keep cost down. Build a house that someone else might want to buy.

35. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 35 Design is Important Note how the lines and use of materials complement each other in this unique ranch structure. (The Atrium Door and Window Corporation)

36. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 36 Modular Aspects You should understand the sizes of construction materials when designing a house. Construction materials are produced in standard-size increments or modules.modules Designers should know what standard sizes are available and plan around them to reduce construction cost. (continued)

37. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 37 Modular Aspects Costs are kept down by wasting less material and reducing custom work. –For example, a 40' x 64' house would probably cost no more to build than a 39' x 59' house because of waste and extra cutting. Some of the standard construction material sizes provide guidelines for the designer. (continued)

38. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 38 Modular Aspects Some standard construction material sizes are: –Plywood: 4' x 8' –Paneling: 4' x 8' –Construction lumber lengths: 8', 10', 12', 14', 16' –Concrete blocks: modules of 4" (continued)

39. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 39 Modular Aspects Follow these typical guidelines: –Exterior walls should be modular lengths (multiples of 4', or at least 2'). –Plan to reduce waste in use of materials. –Use standard sizes for rooms (10', 12'). –Walls should be modular heights (multiples of 2').

40. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 40 Quality of Living Quality of living is the sum of several factors: –Location of the site. –Characteristics of the site itself. –Size and layout of the house. It is the designer’s job to take advantage of as many aspects as possible to increase quality of living.

41. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 41 Quality of Living This house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright takes full advantage of the site, materials, and design to produce a classic home. (Western Pennsylvania Conservancy)

42. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 42 Drawings in a Set of Plans Most sets of plans for residential construction include the following: –Plot plan. –Foundation plan. –Floor plan. –Elevations. –Electrical plan. –Construction details. –Pictorial presentations.

43. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 43 Plot Plan The plot plan shows the location of the house on the site and other features.plot plan

44. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 44 Foundation Plan A foundation plan shows the foundation size, materials, supporting structures, and basement if there is one.foundation plan

45. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 45 Floor Plan The floor plan shows exterior and interior walls, doors, windows, patios, walks, decks, fireplaces, cabinets, and appliances.floor plan

46. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 46 Exterior Elevations Elevations are drawn for each side of the structure. They show placement of windows and doors, exterior materials, and other details.Elevations

47. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 47 Electrical Plan The electrical plan shows switches, outlets, fixtures, jacks, and panel box.electrical plan

48. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 48 Construction Details Construction details are usually drawn when more information is needed.Construction details

49. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 49 Pictorial Presentations A pictorial presentation shows how the finished structure will appear and is commonly drawn in perspective or modeled.pictorial presentation (Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

50. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 50 Specifications A set of construction drawings is not complete without specification sheets. Specifications describe the quality of work and materials.Specifications –They provide additional information that is not shown on the drawings. –The drawings and specifications form the basis for a legal contract.

51. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 51 Other Drawings to Consider Other drawings that may be included in a set of residential construction drawings: –Roof plan and roof framing plan.Roof planroof framing plan –Floor framing plan.Floor framing plan –Heating and cooling plan.Heating and cooling plan –Plumbing plan.Plumbing plan –Landscaping plan.Landscaping plan –Furniture plan.Furniture plan –Expansion plan.Expansion plan

52. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 52 Glossary Building Codes. Specify requirements for construction methods and materials for plumbing, electrical, and general building construction. Construction Details. Are usually drawn where more information is needed to fully describe how the construction is to be done.

53. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 53 Glossary Deed. A document indicating that the ownership of land has been transferred from one person to another. Electrical Plan. Locates switches, outlets, fixtures, jacks, service entrance, and panel box. Elevations. Shows exterior features of each side of the building. Equity. The amount a house is worth minus the amount owed.

54. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 54 Glossary Expansion Plan. Shows how the structure has been designed to accommodate future expansion. Floor Framing Plan. Shows direction of joists and major supporting members. Floor Plan. Shows all exterior and interior walls, doors, windows, patios, walks, decks, fireplaces, mechanical equipment, built-in cabinets, and appliances. Foundation Plan. Shows the foundation size and material.

55. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 55 Glossary Furniture Plan. Identifies the furniture to be used and its placement. Gross Annual Income. Annual income before deductions. Heating and Cooling Plan. Shows the furnace,air conditioner, heating and cooling ducts, and hot-water heat pipes. Landscaping Plan. Locates and identifies plants and other elements included in landscaping the site.

56. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 56 Glossary Module. Different size increments used with building materials. Pictorial Presentation. Shows how the finished structure will appear. Plot Plan. Shows the location of the house on the site, utilities, topographical features, site dimensions, and any other building on the property. Plumbing Plan. Shows the location of pipes and plumbing fixtures.

57. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 57 Glossary Roof Framing Plan. Used when the roof is complex and requires unique construction. Roof Plan. Included if the roof is complicated and not clearly shown by the other standard drawings. Site. A specific plot of land that may be used for a building location. Specifications. The written description accompanying the working drawings.

58. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only 58 Glossary Take-Home Pay. The amount of money remaining after taxes and other deductions. Topography. The characteristics of the land on the site. Zoning. Creates areas that have certain building requirements for the size, location, and type of structure that can be built on the site.