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Five categories The Gospels – life, teachings, passion, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ Acts of the Apostles – Luke- history of the early Christian communities Pauline letters –offer advice and teachings to the communities Non Pauline letters –same function as above Book of Revelation –John, Jewish Christian, gives comfort to those suffering persecution in late 1 st century
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Catechism states: Gospels are not to be read as strict historical biographies of life of Jesus Gospel writers are presenting the life, work and Passion of Jesus, through the eyes of Faith Faith in the revelation of Jesus, requires a response – a change in attitude and habit
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The Life and teachings of Jesus Oral Tradition Oral proclamation – kerygma – spread the message of salvation
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Synoptic gospels – Matthew, Mark, Luke Synoptic –from a Greek word meaning “seeing the whole together” Similarities: Sources Differences: different images of Jesus Gospel of John Written much later than others- more developed theology and use of symbolic language
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Gospel of Mark: The Suffering Servant of God Gospel of Matthew: Teacher and Prophet Gospel of Luke: Compassionate healer, inclusive of all the marginalized Gospel of John: Incarnate Word of God
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Shortest of all the gospels Author uncertain Gentile Christian –possibly disciple of Peter Audience –non-Jewish Christians in Rome Christology – aura of secrecy – Messianic secret Mark emphasises the humanity of Jesus Suffering Servant image would have been shocking to the Jewish listeners
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First Gospel in New Testament Audience- Jewish Christians and Gentiles Conflicts within the mixed community Matthew focuses on Jesus as the fulfillment of Hebrew prophecies and hopes Gospel has the structure of five major discourses – reflects five books of the Jewish Torah Matthew points to Jesus as Savior and Teacher- Rabbi
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Author is a Gentile convert to Christianity Author also wrote Acts Audience of Gospel and Acts (identified as Theophilus ) Gentile Christians in Antioch and Achaia in Greece Major theme is the compassionate savior who welcomes all especially the “anawim” the poor and marginalized – Canticle of Mary-Magnificat Presence of women is highlighted Those who are sick ; who are seen to being punished by God. Sinners – Jesus comes as the universal Savior who redeems all creation
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Author unknown Audience- Gentiles and Jews Emphasizes the divinity of Jesus Makes use of signs and allegorical statements to reveal the true identity of Jesus Jesus is the pre-existent “Logos” – who is God Themes of light and darkness appear frequently John uses signs (seven specifically in gospel) to point to a deeper reality and meaning Emphasizes relationship between Jesus and Father and between Jesus and ourselves - “I am” statements
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The rest of the Torah (Law) extends the Ten Commandments and provides a “social security” system for all God’s people God is presented as a benevolent dictator, close to his children when they are good but swift to anger when they are bad. God is a “jealous” God “ In every place where I cause my name to be remembered, I will come to you and bless you”
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The Greek idea of God is associated with the world of Form – a non-material world The Biblical God is closely involved with the world of humans God intervenes directly in events God is prepared to intervene in the “laws of nature” in order to help His people The Jewish army’s victory is attributed to God, not to any military skill (Joshua 10:1-15)
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