1. Instructor: Dr. Patrick Tschida PUBH-6165-5 Environmental Health Presented By Arunachalam Subramanian Walden University July 30, 2011

2.  Environmental Hazards in the Workplace  Common Occupational Diseases in Ontario  Workplace Injuries in Ontario  Prevention of Injuries at Workplace  Employee’s Responsibility in Injury Prevention  Useful Links  References

3.  Physical Hazards  Ergonomic Hazards  Chemical Hazards  Biological Hazards Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

4.  Electrical hazards  Unguarded machinery  Mobile equipments  Heights/Scaffolding  Spills/Tripping hazards  Extremes of Temperature/Pressure  Vibration  Constant loud noise  Sunlight and other radiation hazards Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

5.  Poor lighting  Poor posture  Improperly designed workstations and chairs  Frequent lifting of heavy objects  Awkward/Repetitive/Forceful movements Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

6.  Psychological disorders (almost half of all claims)  Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases  Lung disease  Cancer  Traumatic injuries  Occupational cardiovascular disease  Reproductive disorders  Neurological disorders  Noise induced hearing loss  Skin diseases Office of the Worker Adviser. (2011). Occupational Diseases. Retreived from http://www.owa.gov.on.ca/fact_sheets/occupational_disease.html http://www.owa.gov.on.ca/fact_sheets/occupational_disease.html

7.  Slips and falls  Fractures  Dislocations  Injuries to nerves and spinal cord  Repetitive strain injuries MSD account for 40 % of all claims Back pain constitute 7% of all MSDs Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php

8.  Conductive hearing loss  Sensorineural hearing loss Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php

9.  Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (White finger)  Friction blisters  Frost-bite  Burns  Silica in abrasions (Sarcoidal granulomas) Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php

10. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2011). Work – Work-related Injuries. Retreived from http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=20http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=20

11. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2011). Work – Work-related Injuries. Retreived from http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=20http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=20

12. Years 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Injuries/Illnesses 224,955 217,020 206,531 165,495 154,862 Derived Number of Full-Time Equivalent Workers Covered by WSIB (rounded to the nearest million) 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e3 5c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e3 5c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD

13. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ministry of Labour (MOL) 62 50 46 47 57 WSIB Traumatic Fatalities By Year of Death 76 87 63 64 67 Total Traumatic Fatalities MOL & WSIB 101 99 78 73 84 WSIB Occupational Disease Fatalities By Year Allowed 221 263 246 251 293 Total Fatalities 322 362 324 377 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoi d=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoi d=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD

14. Years 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Self Employed or Owner Operator 16 4 11 1 Youth: Under the age of 25 at the time of injury 10 8 6 4 6 Women 6 8 4 4 3 Motor Vehicle Incidents on Public Roads 24 34 19 17 19 Federal Jurisdiction 4 6 5 3 4 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e3 5c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgnextoid=2609e3 5c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD

15.  Awkward Posture and Positioning  Excessive Force  High Repetition  Poor physical condition  Direct Pressure / Contact Stress  Vibration  Cold and extreme temperatures (environmental factors)  Fatigue Workplace Safety and Prevention Services. (2011). Workers. Retreived from http://www.healthandsafetyontario.ca/Resources/Topics/Workers.aspx http://www.healthandsafetyontario.ca/Resources/Topics/Workers.aspx

16.  Engineering Controls  Work Practice Controls  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)  Administrative Controls Take One Step. (2011). Workplace Hazards. Retreived from http://www.takeonestep.org/Pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplac ehazards.aspx http://www.takeonestep.org/Pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplac ehazards.aspx

17.  Workstation Design and Set up  Design of Work Methods  Tools and Handle Design Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/http://www.ccohs.ca/education/

18.  Proper training of employees  Proper techniques to improve posture  Correct lifting techniques  Proper maintenance of equipments and tools  Correct use of workstations and fixtures  Conditioning period for new employees  Monitoring and Feedback  Adjustments and Modifications Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/http://www.ccohs.ca/education/

19.  Proper fit  Proper protection  Should not increase ergonomic stressors Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/http://www.ccohs.ca/education/

20.  Providing sufficient rest pauses  Considering overtime work related stress  Increasing the number of employees for tough task  Using job rotation  Providing sufficient numbers of relief personnel  Maintenance program for industrial equipments  Effective housekeeping Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Engaging Workplaces. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php#engaging http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php#engaging

21. What can be done to prevent injuries? Identify situations that can result in injuries Report any injuries or hazards immediately Refuse to work in unsafe situations Know about potential hazards in your workplace Participate in workplace health and safety issues Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2011). If I am Injured at Work. Retreived from http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp?contentID =2-5-0 http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp?contentID =2-5-0

22.  Employer may be a family member or friend  Do not want to upset by reporting injury  Afraid of the boss thinking you inability to perform the job properly  Thinking that the injury is not very serious  Afraid of co-workers thinking less of you Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Safe At Work Ontario Basics. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.phphttp://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php

23. Many organizations are involved in occupational health and safety in Canada and Ontario The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) of OntarioWSIB The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)CCOHS Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers (OHCOW)OHCOW Canada ’s National Occupational Health and Safety (CANOSH)CANOSH Labour Canada - The Human Resources and Skills Development department has some information on workplace safety workplace safety

24. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2011). Education and Training. Retreived from http://www.ccohs.ca/education/http://www.ccohs.ca/education/ Health Canada. (2011). Environmental and Workplace Health. Retreived from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/hazards-risques/index-eng.php Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2011). Work – Work-related Injuries. Retreived from http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=20http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=20 Moeller, D.W. (2005). Environmental Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Office of the Worker Adviser. (2011). Occupational Diseases. Retreived from http://www.owa.gov.on.ca/fact_sheets/occupational_disease.html http://www.owa.gov.on.ca/fact_sheets/occupational_disease.html Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Engaging Workplaces. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php#engaging http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php#engaging

25. Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2010). Safe At Work Ontario Basics. Retreived from http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/hs/sawo/about.php Ontario Ministry of Labour. (2011). If I am Injured at Work. Retreived from http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp?contentID=2-5-0 http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp?contentID=2-5-0 Take One Step. (2011). Workplace Hazards. Retreived from http://www.takeonestep.org/Pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplacehazar ds.aspx http://www.takeonestep.org/Pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplacehazar ds.aspx Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (2011). Health and Safety Statistics. Retreived from http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgne xtoid=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community/WSIB/230/ArticleDetail/24338?vgne xtoid=2609e35c819d7210VgnVCM100000449c710aRCRD Workplace Safety and Prevention Services. (2011). Workers. Retreived from http://www.healthandsafetyontario.ca/Resources/Topics/Workers.aspx http://www.healthandsafetyontario.ca/Resources/Topics/Workers.aspx