1. Alessandro Feliciello I.N.F.N. - Sezione di Torino Hypernuclear studies at FAIR with PANDA

2. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 2 Outline  strangeness nuclear physics:  interest  discovery potential  the PANDA experiment  opportunity for hypernuclear physics  the apparatus  the technological challenges

3. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 3 Physics output (S=-1) nuclear models nuclear models 4B weak interaction 4B weak interaction quark substructures quark substructures neutron rich Λ-hypernuclei neutron rich Λ-hypernuclei medium effect medium effect (weak) decay low-energy N -Y interaction low-energy N -Y interaction spectroscopy deeply bound K states deeply bound K states n n n n n p p p p p p Λ

4. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 4 Physics output (S=-2) nuclear models nuclear models H particle mass H particle mass S=-2 system g.s. S=-2 system g.s. H dibaryon existence H dibaryon existence strangelets (weak) decay low-energy Y-Y interaction low-energy Y-Y interaction spectroscopy double deeply bound K states double deeply bound K states n Λ p n Λ p

5. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 5 S=-2 systems * new physics items:  a detailed and consistent understanding of the quark aspect of the baryon-baryon forces in the SU(3) space will not be possible as long as experimental information on the YY channel is not available  search for H particle  existence of S = -2 (deeply) bound K states * experimental challenges:  (abundant) production of ΛΛ-hypernuclei is very difficult  identification of produced hyperfragments is problematic  -ray measurement in coincidence S = -2 systems study is not just a simple extension of what has been done for S = -1 system S = -2 systems study is not just a simple extension of what has been done for S = -1 system

6. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 6 Open questions decay properties:  total decay rate  lifetime measurements  non-mesonic weak decay modes  influence of the H-like structure

7. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 7 S = -2 systems and H-dibaryon states H particle formation can be revealed by a modification of the energy levels of ΛΛ-hypernuclei H particle formation can be revealed by a modification of the energy levels of ΛΛ-hypernuclei free H-dibaryon B ΛΛ = 12.2 MeV ΛΛ 10 Be H-dibaryon in B ΛΛ = 24 MeV T. Yamada, Nucl. Phys. A 691 (2001) 250c

8. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 8 Hypernuclei’s chart

9. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 9 reference (year) hyper nucleus B ΛΛ [MeV] ΔB ΛΛ [MeV] notes M. Danysz et al., Nucl. Phys. 49 (1963) 121 17.7 ± 0.4 4.3 ± 0.4 emulsion exp.; Dalitz’ reanalysis D. Prowse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 17 (1966) 782 10.9 ± 0.5 4.6 ± 0.5 emulsion exp.; Dalitz’ criticism S. Aoki et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 85 (1991) 951 S. Aoki et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 85 (1991) 1287 27.6 ± 0.7 4.8 ± 0.7 KEK-E176 emulsion-counter hybrid exp. (*) 8.5 ± 0.7-4.9 ± 0.7 J.K. Ahn et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 132504 --- BNL-E906 “mass production” H. Takahashi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 212501 KEK-E373 emulsion-counter hybrid exp. H. Takahashi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 721 (2003) 951c--- KEK-E373 emulsion-counter hybrid exp.  10 Be  6 He  13 B  10 Be  4 H 6 He  10 Be The status of the art same event (*) see: C.B. Dover, D.J. Millener, A. Gal and D.H. Davis, Phys. Rev. C 44 (1991) 1905 single event analysis single event analysis

10. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 10 Caveat ΔB ΛΛ can not be interpret as ΛΛ binding energy because of: dynamical change of the core nucleus NΛ spin-spin interaction for non-zero spin of core possible excited states if ΛΛ- or intermediate Λ-hypernuclei are produced in excited states: Q-value is difficult to extract (especially for heavy nuclei) nuclear fragments are difficult to identify with usual emulsion technique new concept required! core  V  BB BB  B   - -spectroscopy

11. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 11 Exp. technique improvements 1963 2001 tHe C   46 ΛΛ 12 Ξ   π 5 Λ 6 ΛΛ pHe nHBeC   210 ΛΛ 12 Ξ 1991   π 13 Λ ΛΛ CB H BN    113 ΛΛ 14 Ξ  n HeBeC   310 ΛΛ 12 Ξ   π 10 Λ ΛΛ BBe    π 9 Λ 10 ΛΛ HBe 1

12. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 12 Hypernuclei’s chart 2 completed in preparation running completed in preparation ~ running running

13. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 13 Primary Beams 10 12 /s; 1.5-2 AGeV; 238 U 28+ Factor 100-1000 over present intensity 2(4)x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons 10 10 /s 238 U 92+ up to 35 AGeV up to 90 GeV protons Secondary Beams Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 AGeV; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present Antiprotons 0 - 30 GeV Cooled beams Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets Parallel Operation Key Technical Features Storage and Cooler Rings Radioactive beams e - – A (or Antiproton-A) collider 10 11 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons Polarized antiprotons (?) FAIR @ GSI

14. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 14 The PANDA apparatus Hradiation hardness up to 10 7 annihilations / s  good particle identification , e, , , K, p Hgood momentum resolution  secondary vertices identification D, K S 0,  Hmaximum acceptance partial wave analysis Hefficient trigger target spectrometer forward spectrometer s.c. solenoid dipole MVD tracker ECAL TOF DIRC ECAL HCAL DC RICH  counters p

15. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 15 The PANDA physics program Strangeness nuclear physics  spectroscopy of double Λ ipernuclei nuclear structure low energy Λ N and ΛΛ interactions Medium effect partial restoration of the chiral symmetry ? Gluonic excitation Search for: exotics hybrids glueballs mass region 3 ÷ 5 GeV/c 2 High resolution charmonium spectroscopy quark confinement

16. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 16 Double strangeness production Ξ - atomic capture reaction at rest is one of the most effective way to look for double Λ-hypernuclei Ξ - atomic capture reaction at rest is one of the most effective way to look for double Λ-hypernuclei K - beams: @ BNL1.88 GeV/c @ KEK1.66 GeV/c @ J-PARC 1.80 GeV/c K - beams: @ BNL1.88 GeV/c @ KEK1.66 GeV/c @ J-PARC 1.80 GeV/c K - + p → Ξ - + K + q.f. compound double Λ state: Ξ - + p → Λ + Λ + 28 MeV quasi deuteron model: Ξ - + “d” → “ΛΛ” + n high energy high energy

17. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 17 The basic idea (Kaidalov & Volkovitsky) quark-gluon string model Ξ - + p → Λ + Λ + 28 MeV Ξ+Ξ-Ξ+Ξ- Ξ+Ξ-Ξ+Ξ- Ω+Ω-Ω+Ω- Ω+Ω-Ω+Ω-

18. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 18 ΛΛ-hypernucleus production @ PANDA X - capture: X - p  LL + 28 MeV  3 GeV/c Kaons _    trigger p _ 2. Capture of Ξ - in secondary target nucleus 2. Capture of Ξ - in secondary target nucleus 1. Hyperon- antihyperon production at threshold 1. Hyperon- antihyperon production at threshold +28 MeV g 3. -spectroscopy with Ge-detectors 3. -spectroscopy with Ge-detectors 

19. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 19 Λ- vs. ΛΛ-hypernucleus identification 12 C(K -,π - ) 12 C  stop K C 12  ΔE ~ 1.3 MeV FWHM 9.34 #1 #5 #2 #3 #4 #6 Phys. Lett. B 622 (2005) 35 @ 2 body reaction: 2 step process:

20. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 20 How to identify a ΛΛ-hypernucleus limited target choice (at least for the pilot runs) 6 Li, 7 Li, 8 Be, 9 Be, 12 C limited target choice (at least for the pilot runs) 6 Li, 7 Li, 8 Be, 9 Be, 12 C sequential pionic decay main background      p   critical!

21. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 21 Expected  – momentum spectrum

22. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 22 The hyper PANDA apparatus EM calorimeter DIRC TOF MVD straws or TPC

23. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 23 Do HPGe crystals work in (strong) magnetic field? To what extent the energy resolution is affected? How to minimize the mechanical interferences? VEGA @ GSI Euroball @ GSI Experimental challenges JRA6

24. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 24 Mechanical interferences X – COOLER II, AMETEC, ORTEC JRA6

25. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 25 Expected rates ~ 3  10 3 captured Ξ - /d @ L = 10 32 cm -2 s -1 HESR will produce Ξ - Ξ + pairs @ ~ 7  10 2 Hz by using, e.g., a 12 C wire target:  joint Ξ - Ξ + escape probability:5  10 -4 (trigger on Ξ + + p Ξ- = 100 – 500 MeV/c)  Ξ + reconstruction efficiency: ~ 50%  Ξ - stopping and capture prob.:~ 20%  Ξ - p  ΛΛ conversion probability: 5% ~ 150 ΛΛ-hypernuclei /d  -ray emission/event: 50%  -ray Ge photopeak efficiency:10% ~ 7 “golden events” /d  K + K + trigger ~ 700 events /d cb pp GeV/3@μ2)ΞΞ(σ 

26. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 26 Competition 20000 stopped Ξ - K - beam, diamond target neutron detector arrays (Ξ -, 12 C)  ΛΛ 12 B + n BNL-AGS E885 few tens 2π decays of ΛΛ 4 H K - beam lineCylindrical Detector System 2π decaysBNL-AGS E906 Captured Ξ - / day beam / targetdevicereactionfacility several hundreds stopped Ξ - (K-,K+)(K-,K+)emulsion(K -,K + ) ΞKEK-PS E373 vertex detector + -spectrometer vertex detector spectrometer, ΔΩ = 30 msr device ~ 3000 ~ 300000 KK trigger (incl. trigger) L = 2·10 32, thin target, production vertex decay vertex p p  ΞΞ FAIR 200010 6 stopped p/s p p  K * K * K * N  Ξ K cold anti- protons < 70008·10 6 /s 5 cm 12 C (K -,K + ) ΞJ-PARC statusbeam/ targetreactionexperiment ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

27. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 27 Ω - -atoms production @ PANDA X - capture: X - p  LL + 28 MeV  5.5 GeV/c Kaons _    trigger p _ 2. Slow down and capture of Ω - in secondary target nucleus 2. Slow down and capture of Ω - in secondary target nucleus 1. Hyperon- antihyperon production at threshold 1. Hyperon- antihyperon production at threshold +203 MeV x 3. -spectroscopy with Ge-detectors 3. -spectroscopy with Ge-detectors 

28. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 28 Summary The fifty-year-old field of strangeness nuclear physics is still alive and has a great discovery potential number of (young) experimental physicist involved is increasing dedicated beams and apparatus main item in several future physics program at new facilities significative theoretical effort well tuned on exp. data  By exploiting the potentialities of the new HESR machine a large number of ΛΛ-hypernuclei will be produced, allowing a significative step forward in multi-strange systems knowledge  2013 will be the 50 th anniversary of ΛΛ-hypernucleus discovery: FAIR could successfully celebrate it with a long series of interesting results

29. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 29 The PANDA Collaboration AAS Wien Minsk U. IHEP Beijing U., Lanzhou U. Helsinki U. IPN Orsay Bochum U., Bonn U., Dresden TU, Erlangen U., Frankfurt U., Gieβen U., GSI, FZ Jülich, Mainz U., München TU, Münster U., Tübingen U. INFN Catania – Ferrara – Genova – LNF – Milano – Pavia - Trieste, Piemonte Orientale U., Torino U. (2), Politecnico di Torino Cracow U., Katowice U., SINS Warsaw, Warsaw TU IFIN Bucharest JINR Dubna, BINP Novosibirsk, IHEP Protvino, PNPI St. Petersburg Valencia U. KTH Stockholm, Stockholm U., TSL Uppsala, Uppsala U. Basel U. Edinburgh U., Glasgow U. Northwestern U. http://www-panda.gsi.de ~ 350 physicists47 institutions15 countries Austria – Belarus – China – Finland – France – Germany – Italy – Poland Romania – Russia – Spain – Sweden – Switzerland – U.K. – U.S.A.

30. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 30 Time schedule MVD magnet straws DIRC HYP HESR commissioning: January 2012 HESR commissioning: January 2012

31. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 31 Time schedule HESR commissioning: January 2012 HESR commissioning: January 2012

32. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 32 Estimated costs

33. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 33 J-PARC time schedule

34. A. Feliciello / 18 th Int. Conf. on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Santos, Brazil, August 21-26, 2006 34 Pilot run @ HPGe detectors straw tubes scintillator barrel targets and μstrip detectors drift chambers ΔSΛSΛ SNSN T