1. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 BUP Teachers Conference on Environmental Management Borki-Molo, Poland June 28th – July 2nd, 2006 „ Zero Emissions: Just a further development of Cleaner Production? “ Mickael Planasch Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology

2. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Content  Definition of Zero Emissions  Existing Methods  Interaction of Methods  Literature Review  Case Study  Conclusion

3. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Three ways to define Zero  Absolute Zero  Analytical Zero  Zero Impact the strictest definition of Zero! no waste no sewage water no polluted air and no energy loss Every substance has a detection sensitivity limit. If the concentration of a substance in a stream is below this limit, it will not be detected by analytical methods. ► No Emission In nature substances are subject to „natural“ fluctuations. By this definition Zero means: No impact on the environment

4. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Three ways to define Zero  Absolute Zero  Analytical Zero  Zero Impact Problems: - New detection systems are invented every year. - Permanent adoption of environmental protection plants is required. - Expensive Problems: - Hard to convince companies of the need - Hard to implement - Expensive - Much easier to convince companies from implementing! - No negative effect on environment - Implementation possible The way we define Zero!

5. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Emissions = Input - Product INPUT PRODUCT fluidic EMISSIONS solid EMISSIONS gaseous EMISSIONS

6. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Definition of Zero Emissions  Emissions that pass the defined system boundary in a Zero Emissions system must neither interfere with ecological nor social requirements.  The defined system boundaries can enclose a single company, a cluster of companies or a region.  Zero Emission looks at problems from a holistic point of view

7. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006  Zero Emissions is no Stand-alone Method  Instead it uses different existing methods (CP, Eco- Efficiency, IBS, Upsizing,…) and combines their strenghts

8. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 The main questions is: How do these methods interact with each other???

9. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Zero Emissions Methods Cleaner Production Good Housekeeping Recycling Green Chemistry Renewable ResourcesRenewable Energy Industrial Ecology Upsizing Pollution Prevention Reuse Repair Design for durability Demanufacturing Integrated Biosystems Eco-efficiency

10. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Zero Emissions Methods Inter-Company Level Macro Company Level Meso Process Level Micro

11. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Zero Emissions Network Splitting in Energy and Mass Effect Macro Meso Micro

12. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Metal Finishing Industry Micro Level Cleaner Production Recycling Material Efficiency Energy EfficiencyGood Housekeeping New Process/ Technology Renewable Resources Integrated Biosystems Green Chemistry + + + Returning Destillate into Rinsing Process Implementation of a vacuum evaporator for closing rinsing water cycle Implementation of optimized rinsing system + + +

13. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Metal Finishing Industry Micro Level Cleaner Production Good Housekeeping Recycling New Process/ Technology Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Renewable Resources Integrated Biosystems Green Chemistry Meso-Level Material Efficiency Meso-Level Upsizing Meso-Level Renewable Energy + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - + + + + + + +

14. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Metal Finishing: Literature Review Micro Level Good Housekeeping Cleaner Production New Process/ Technology Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Integrated Biosystems Green Chemistry Recycling + + + - + + + + + + +

15. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Metal Finishing: Literature Review Meso Level Good Housekeeping Recycling Cleaner Production New Process/ Technology Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Renewable Resources Integrated Biosystems Upsizing + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

16. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Metal Finishing: Literature Review Micro Good Housekeeping Cleaner Production New Process/ Technology Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Integrated Biosystems Green Chemistry + Recycling Good Housekeeping Recycling Cleaner Production New Process/ Technology Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Renewable Resources Upsizing Industrial Ecology Recycling Integrated Biosystems + - + + + + - Macro Meso

17. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Comparison of Theoretical and Implemented Actions  Most of the actions taken to Improve Material and Energy Efficiency  Renewable Resources just 1 time used on Meso  IBS are becoming more interesting in the last years  Green Chemistry actions in the removal of hazardous heavy metals (process optimisation)

18. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Schematic Diagram Knowledge of Zero Emissions Methods Implementation Time MicroMesoMacro Zero Emissions Chance to reach Zero Emissions Time [%]

19. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 - - - Case Study: Wire drawing company Cleaner Production Good Housekeeping New Process/ Technology Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Cleaner Production Good Housekeeping Upsizing Material Efficiency Energy Efficiency Recycling Industrial Ecology Micro Macro Meso 30% less water 5% less chemicals 25% less energy 25% less water Waste water free plant!

20. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Time Scale of Implementation Good Housekeeping Good Housekeeping + Cleaner Production + Eco-Efficiency Micro Meso Good Housekeeping + Cleaner Production + Eco-Efficiency time Meso + Macro IE + IBS + Upsizing + Recycling + … Planning starts at this point !

21. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Conclusion  This Zero Emissions design can be used as a…  Quick Check for Companies  Comparison between common actions and new technologies/processes  Knowledge, where to start with actions

22. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Conclusion (Metal Finishing)  In the moment there are only taken Micro and Meso Level actions in the Metal Finishing Industry  Use of Renewable Resources and Energy is rare  Upsizing Heavy metal containing galvanic sludges and selling them within an Macro Level IE- or Recycling Network  Production of Mono Sludges, containing only 1 Heavy Metal: i.e. Zn, Ni (5-30% sellable product)

23. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Next Steps  Week point is  the missing time scale – so, Implementation of a time scale  That it is to complicated  Enlarge to other branches: textile, food, paper/pulp

24. Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology Zero Emissions just a further Development of CP? June 30, 2006 Thank you, for your attention!