1. Topic 4 Environmental Management Systems
Chapter 32

2. The Concept

3. So, what exactly are they?

4. Developing an EMS Create an environmental policy
Set objectives and targets
Implement a program to achieve objectives
Monitor and measure its effectiveness
Correct problems
Review the system to improve it and overall environmental performance

5. Standard
A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as a rule, guideline or definition of characteristics to ensure that materials, processes products and services are fit for their purpose

6. EMAS: Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
currently voluntary but could become mandatory
site-based and originally confined to industrial activities but has been extended to any organization that has an impact on the environment
makes adherence to a formal EMS and auditing mandatory and requires that organizations make independently verifiable public statements about their environmental performance

7. EMAS – Specific Objectives
promote continuous improvements in environmental performance by establishing policies, programs and management systems;
perform systematic, objective, and periodic evaluation of these elements;
provide relevant information about these activities to the public

8. EMAS Requirements Adopt an environmental policy
Conduct an environmental review
Set environmental objectives
Introduce an environmental program and EMS
Set-up an environmental auditing program
Prepare an environmental statement

9. ISO 14000
1979: ISO 9000 – management standards for quality management and quality assurance systems
1991: investigation into whether an international environmental standard could:
Promote a common approach to environmental management
Enhance an organization’s ability to attain and measure improvements in environmental performance
Facilitate trade and remove trade barriers
1993: Preparation of separate ISO after concluded that the knowledge required for EM is distinct enough to warrant

10. Evaluation Guidelines
Auditing Tools
Management
System Standards
Product Support
Tools
Life Cycle Assessment
ISO 14040
ISO 14041
ISO 14042
Environmental
Labelling
ISO 14020
ISO 14021
ISO 14024
Auditing Guidelines
ISO 14010
ISO 14011
ISO 14012
Environmental
Performance
Evaluation Guidelines
ISO 14031
EMS
Specification
ISO 14001
EMS Guide
ISO 14004 * * *
Terms and Definitions
ISO 14050
Environmental aspects of product standards
Guide 64
To be used by other standards writers

11. ISO 14001 Specification 0 Introduction 1 Scope 2 References
3 Definitions
4.0 Specification
4.0 General
4.2 Environmental policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental aspects
4.3.2 Legal & other requirements
4.3.3 Objectives & targets
4.3.4 Env mgt program
4.4 Implementation and operation
4.4.1 Structure & responsibility
4.4.2 Training, awareness, & competence
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 EMS documentation
4.4.5 Document control
4.4.6 Operational control
4.4.7 Emergency preparedness & response
4.5 Checking and corrective action
4.5.1 Monitoring & measurement
4.5.2 Non-conformance & corrective & preventive action
4.5.3 Records
4.5.4 EMS audit
4.6 Management review

12. Commitment &
Environmental
policy
Management
review
Planning
Continual
Improvement
Implementation
and
operation
Checking and
corrective
action

13. Environmental Policy
Statement of intentions and principles in relation to overall environmental performance
Provides a framework for setting and reviewing environmental goals and objectives

14. Planning
Identify environmental aspects of activities, products and services
Determine which are associated with significant environmental impacts
Identify and track legal and other applicable requirements
Establish objectives and targets
Establish an EMS

15. Identifying Aspects and Impacts
Air pollution
Release of VOCs
Vehicle maintenance
Impact
Aspect
Service
Contribution to global warming & air pollution
Electricity use
Countless electrical devices
Product
Contamination of soil or water
Accidental spillage
Handling oil or hazardous materials
Activity

16. Evaluating Significance
High
Low
Significance
Consequences of Occurring
Likelihood of Occurring

17. Data Analysis Tools

18. Legal & Other Requirements
What might be:
legal requirements?
other requirements?
How could they be tracked?

19. Objectives and Targets
Need to:
reflect environmental policy and the identified significant impacts
consider financial, operational, and business requirements
be set by the organization for each relevant function and level of the organization
be specific
be achievable
where practicable, be quantifiable
have deadlines

20. Which is which?
Reduce the use of chemical solvents and substitute biodegradable cleaners
Reduce the use of chemical solvents 80% by 2004

21. EMS
Must:
designate responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level
provide the means for fulfilling objectives and targets
designate a time frame within which they will be achieved

22. Commitment &
Environmental
policy
Management
review
Planning
Continual
Improvement
Implementation
and
operation
Checking and
corrective
action

23. Implementation & Operation
Structure and responsibility
Training, awareness and competence
EMS documentation
Document control
Operational control
Emergency preparedness and response

24. Checking & Corrective Action
Measure, monitor and evaluate environmental performance
If problems occur, apply corrective action
Maintain environmental records to demonstrate conformance of EMS to ISO 14001
Audit the EMS

25. Management Review
Ensure EMS’ continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness
Consider audit results, changing circumstances, commitment to continual improvement
Address possible changes to policy, objectives

26. ISO 14001
Benefits
international standards help level the playing field
reduce duplicity, conflicting requirements of different markets
satisfy stakeholder interests
lower insurance rates-due diligence
internal benefits - reduce costs
pollution prevention, not end-of-pipe
Concerns
increased costs
create trade barriers
does not ensure better environmental performance
registration issues – inconsistent interpretation of standards

27. Criticisms of ISO 14000
Does it help implement Agenda 21 or any international environmental convention?
Can ISO become an international trade standard without operative participation from governments or NGOs?
How will an ISO14001 certified company demonstrate that it has good environmental performance?
How do governments, workers, and the public get access to the environmental information prepared by an ISO certified company?

28. EMAS vs. ISO 14001 No Yes Conduct preliminary environmental review
Worldwide
In Europe
Recognized
ISO
European Committee for Standards
Developed by
All kinds
Certifiable organizations
Control contractors and suppliers
No but register of aspects similar & id legal requirements
Produce register of effects
Obtain independent validation
Make program publicly available
Publish an environmental statement
Yes of EMS only
Conduct environmental audits
Develop an environmental program
Set targets
Develop an environmental policy
ISO 14001
EMAS
Component

29. ISO Certification Numbers
Source:ISO

30. Source:ISO

31. Other Relevant Initiatives
OSHA’s Voluntary Protection Program
CERES
Agenda 21
Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award