1. Ch 9: Saudi Arabia and Iraq
Chapter Atlas Pg

2. YOU BE THE TEACHER!
Each group member is responsible for their section. You will have 5 minutes to read your section and identify (2-3) important things your group needs to know. (5 min)
Members will have 2 minutes to present to the group (10 min)
- Other members will take notes
#1: Oil and Gas Riches / Living on Oil (pg )
#2: Vast Deserts and Scarce Water (pg. 440)
#3: Diverse Region (pg )
#4: Wet and Dry Climates (pg )
#5: Water for a Thirsty Region (pg )

3. Chapter Atlas
Key Ideas
Physical geography has made much of this region rich in oil and natural gas.
The climate of Arabia and Iraq makes water scarce.
The region is home to different ethnic and religious groups.

4. desalination removal of salt from seawater
Chapter Atlas
Key Terms
plate block of rock and soil that makes up earth’s crust
fossil fuel nonrenewable resource formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals
desalination removal of salt from seawater
urbanized having a population that lives mostly in cities
majority more than half
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Arabia and Iraq chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

5. What are some important places to know in Arabia and Iraq?
Chapter Atlas
What are some important places to know in Arabia and Iraq?
Tigris River
Euphrates River
Arabian Peninsula
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Visit the Active Atlas in the digital lesson for Arabia and Iraq. Use the digital lesson to learn more about the physical geography of Arabia and Iraq.

6. Arabia and Iraq: Outline Map
Chapter Atlas
Arabia and Iraq: Outline Map
Think back on the list of important places to know for Arabia and Iraq. Label those places on the outline map.

7. Arabia and Iraq: Physical Features
Chapter Atlas
Arabia and Iraq: Physical Features
The Arabian Peninsula is surrounded on three sides by the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf.
Most of Arabia and Iraq are on the Arabian Plate.
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers are the only major rivers in this region.

8. Pg. 438

9. Chapter Atlas
Oil and Gas Riches
Saudi Arabia has the world’s largest oil reserves and output.
Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates - Many other Middle Eastern nations have also grown rich from their oil and gas.
Because these countries lack water, they use money from oil and gas sales to build water facilities and buy food grown in other regions
Oil production has sometimes harmed the region’s environment.

11. Vast Deserts and Scarce Water
Chapter Atlas
Vast Deserts and Scarce Water
Most of Arabia and Iraq is desert.
The mountains of Yemen and Iraq receive enough rainfall to support farming.
The water of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers is crucial to Iraq, which has the highest population in the region.
The region’s population has clustered for centuries in the places with the most water.

13. Pg. 441
Population
Density

14. Chapter Atlas
A Diverse Region
In most countries of Arabia and Iraq, Arab Muslims form the majority of the population.
However, a large number of people from Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines inhabit the region.
The region’s people mainly practice Islam, but there are Christians, Hindus, and Buddhists as well.

15. Pg. 442
Religious Diversity

17. History
Name important world religions. How could a new religion affect a community?
Ask students to name important world religions and post each religion. Discuss ways that religions influence communities.
Ask students to predict how a new religion could affect a community.

18. History
Academic Vocabulary
persist v. to continue, often in spite of setbacks Even though you find math difficult, you must persist or you will never understand it.
vital n. extremely important, needed for survival Clean, fresh water is vital to our local fisheries.
Use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms you may encounter in the section. If you are unfamiliar with the terms, read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

19. Key Ideas Civilization developed along the rivers of Mesopotamia.
History
Key Ideas
Civilization developed along the rivers of Mesopotamia.
Islam arose in Arabia and spread to other regions in the early Middle Ages.

20. History
Key Ideas
Britain controlled parts of the region and redrew borders in the early 1900s.
The region gained independence and oil wealth, but some countries faced dictatorship and war.

21. History
Key Terms
civilization culture with a written language in which people have many different kinds of jobs
monotheism the belief in a single god
Quran holy book of Islam
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Arabia and Iraq chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

22. Key Terms caliph Muslims’ political and religious leader
History
Key Terms
caliph Muslims’ political and religious leader
mosque Islamic house of worship
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Arabia and Iraq chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

23. Key Terms minority group making up less than half of a population
History
Key Terms
minority group making up less than half of a population
dictator leader with complete control over government
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Arabia and Iraq chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

24. Early Civilizations and Empires
History
Early Civilizations and Empires
The region of Arabia and Iraq was one of the places where civilization began.
In the river valley of the Tigris and the Euphrates, the first cities appeared around 4000 B.C.
The Babylonians and Assyrians formed empires here.

25. Persians, Greeks, and Arabs
History
Persians, Greeks, and Arabs
Around 550 B.C., Mesopotamia became part of the Persian Empire.
Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire in 331 B.C.
Romans eventually took control of the region.
Through trade, the Greeks, Romans, and Persians met the Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.

26. History
The Birth of Islam
Muslims believe that Muhammad met the angel Gabriel at a cave outside Mecca, and that the angel had a message from God.
When Muhammad died, his followers split into two groups, the Shia and the Sunni.
Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam stresses the importance of family, community, and social justice.

27. History
Muslim Civilization
During the 600s and 700s, the Muslims formed a huge empire.
Travel and trade brought the Muslim Empire into contact with ideas from around the world.
Baghdad, the capital of the Muslim Empire, became a center of culture, trade, and learning.

28. The Persian Gulf in Modern Times
History
The Persian Gulf in Modern Times
By World War I, the British dominated several countries on the Arabian Peninsula.
Oil was discovered in Iraq in 1927.
Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932.

29. Persian Gulf Conflicts
History
Persian Gulf Conflicts
In 1980, under Saddam Hussein, Iraq invaded Iran’s oil-rich lands.
In 1988, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and the United States and other nations went to war with Iraq.
In 2003, the United States and some allies went to war with Iraq.
U.S. and other foreign troops were still in Iraq in 2009.

30. How are the Shia and Sunni alike? How are they different?
History
How are the Shia and Sunni alike? How are they different?
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

31. List the main ideas about each topic:
History
List the main ideas about each topic:
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

32. Today
List some restrictions Hanan faces as she pursues her nursing studies in Saudi Arabia:
Think back to the myStory video about Hanan and her life in Saudi Arabia. What restrictions does Hanan face as she pursues her nursing studies in Saudi Arabia? Discuss ways Western cultures differ from that of Saudi Arabia. Predict challenges for Hanan and other women like her as they try to balance modern interests and goals with traditional Saudi culture.

33. Today
Predict how Islamic beliefs might affect daily life in the modern region:
Remind students that in the previous section they learned about Islamic history and beliefs. Ask them to predict how those beliefs might affect daily life (food, work, and school) in the modern region.

34. Today
Academic Vocabulary
tradition - n. practices handed down from one generation to the next Sunday dinner is a family tradition that we have kept for many generations.
expose - v. to show, make aware of, uncover Travel in foreign countries exposes people to new customs.
Use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms you may encounter in the section. If you are unfamiliar with the terms, read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

35. Today
Key Ideas
Regional traditions and modern global culture have shaped the region’s culture.
Many oil-rich countries in the region have worked to make their economies less dependent on oil.

36. Today
Key Terms
fundamentalism belief that holy books should be taken literally, word for word
Islamism belief that politics and society should follow Islamic teachings
jihad Arabic word meaning struggle
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Arabia and Iraq chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

37. Today
Key Terms
terrorism use of violence to create fear for political reasons
entrepreneurship willingness to take the risk of starting a business
Hijab concealing, baggy garments worn by many Arab women
Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Arabia and Iraq chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

38. Religious Traditions Tradition remains important in Arabia and Iraq.
Today
Religious Traditions
Tradition remains important in Arabia and Iraq.
The main source of tradition in the region is the religion of Islam.
People in Arabia and Iraq follow many traditions based on different interpretations of Islam.

39. Today
Fundamentalism
A branch of Sunni Islam called Wahhabism is a form of fundamentalism.
Wahhabis believe that government should be based on the original teachings of Islam.

40. Today
Islamism and Jihad
A small number of Muslims in the region see European and American influence as a threat.
These groups use the word jihad to mean violent struggle.
They support the use of violence to attack Westerners or Muslims with different approaches to Islam.
Most Muslims reject violent jihad and terrorism.

41. Today
One-Track Economies
Oil and natural gas were found in the region in the 1920s and 1930s.
Oil sales have been a source of easy money for the region.
However, there has been little investment outside the oil industry.

42. Today
Trying to Diversify
In recent years, leaders in the region have seen the need to diversify their economies.
Bahrain and Dubai have become regional financial centers.
Governments have also invested in education so that their people can compete in the global economy.

43. How has investment from diversification affected daily life?
Today
How has investment from diversification affected daily life?
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

44. Arabia and Iraq in the Modern World
Today
Arabia and Iraq in the Modern World
People in the region have adopted some aspects of modern global culture.
Traditionally, women in the Arab world have had to obey men.
Despite the pull of global culture, tradition still shapes the lives of men and especially women in this region.

45. How are women’s lives restricted in
Today
How are women’s lives restricted in
the Arab world?
Use what you have learned in the section to complete the graphic organizer.

46. Today
Use what you have read about life in Arabia and Iraq today to complete the table here. In the left column, list at least three factors that have strong influences on life in the region. In the right column, fill in the effects of those influences.

47. How much does geography shape a country?
Today
How much does geography shape a country?
Think back on everything you learned in the chapter. Use the graphic organizer to make notes about how geography shapes a country. Use specific examples to explain your answer.