1. Mrs. DeLillo Living Environment
Human Reproduction
Mrs. DeLillo
Living Environment

2. 3/17 Aim: How are males adapted for reproduction?
Do now: How many sperm are produced during meiosis? How do they compare to the parent cell in terms of chromosome # and appearance?
HW: Diagram handout
Test signed

3. Reproduction
The formation of new individuals.
Not necessary for the survival of the individual
Necessary for the survival of the species.

4. 3/10 How is the male adapted to carry out reproduction?
Do now: How many sperm cells are produced during spermatogenesis? How do they compare in terms of look and # of chromosomes to the parent cell?
HW: Handout

5. Gametes: specialized sex cells
Fusion of sperm and egg forms a zygote.
Zygote = single cell
from which all cells
of the human body
develop.

6. Development
1st six weeks=male and female embryos are identical in appearance.
During 7th week the primary reproductive organs begin to develop
Testes = male produce testosterone
Ovaries = female produce estrogen and progesterone

9. Testosterone
Responsible for the
production of sperm.
Responsible for
producing male
secondary sex
Characteristics

10. What characteristic is this cartoon implying that testosterone is responsible for?
Hair

12. Ovaries
Estrogen is responsible for the developing eggs.
Progesterone is responsible for the production of secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone also readies the uterus for an embryo

14. Ovary

15. Ages 9-15 (about a year earlier in females)
Puberty
Period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional.
Ages 9-15 (about a year earlier in females)

16. Male Reproductive System
Main Structures
Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra and penis
All work together to produce and deliver sperm.

17. Testes
Located in the scrotum
Outside the body because the cooler temperature is better for sperm production.
Within the testes are the seminiferous tubules= location of sperm production

20. Sperm
Three parts
Head with a nucleus
Mid piece with mitochondria
Tail which moves the sperm forward
Allows it to swim through the female reproductive tract.

21. Sperm

23. Sperm Pathway
Testes
To the epididymis to mature and be stored
Some sperm swim into the vas deferens
Into the urethra (tube which leads to the outside of the body through the penis)

24. Sperm cont.
Swim in seminal fluid
Produced by the glands such as prostate that line the reproductive tract.
Sperm + seminal fluid = semen
Between 50 and 130 million sperm present in 1 mL of semen

26. Sperm Release
Autonomic Nervous system preps the male organs
Ejaculation: sperm are ejected from the penis due to the contraction of smooth muscles lining the reproductive tract.
Not completely voluntary

27. 2/14 How is the female adapted to carry out reproduction?
Do now: How many functional eggs are produced in oogenesis? How do they compare to the parent cell in terms of look and # of chromosomes?
HW: Study for quiz tomorrow on male and female reproduction

28. Female Reproductive System
Widening of the hips, development of breasts play a role in this system.
Main Structures
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina

31. Female Reproductive System
Prepares the body for nourishing an embryo
Produces eggs

32. Ovaries
2 present in the female
Produce 1 mature ovum/egg between them per month.

33. Egg Development
Each ovary contains 400,000 immature eggs
Primary Follicle= clusters of cells that surround an egg
Help the egg mature for release into the reproductive tract where it will become fertilized.

34. A female will not produce any new eggs during her lifetime
Egg Development
A female will not produce any new eggs during her lifetime
Only 400 eggs will be released in her lifetime.

35. Where do the eggs develop?
Egg is released in a process known as ovulation
Follicle breaks open and the egg goes into the fallopian tube aka: oviduct
The egg moves along the fallopian tube due to cilia
It is here where it will become fertilized.

36. OVULATION

37. After a few days, the egg is dropped into the uterus.
If it becomes fertilized (by sperm) then the lining is known as the cervix
Beyond the cervix is the vagina which leads to the outside of the body

38. 2/16 Aim: How can we describe the stages of the menstrual cycle?
Do now: Where does fertilization usually occur?
HW: Finish handout and regents questions on menstrual cycle

39. Menstrual Cycle
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems interact in a series of periodic events known as the Menstrual Cycle.
Cycle takes an average of about 28 days
Regulated by hormones controlled by negative feedback.

40. Menstrual Cycle
Egg develops and is released from the ovary
If fertilized after ovulation it is implanted in the uterus and embryonic development begins.
If not it is shed along with the uterus lining (period)

41. 4 Cycles Follicular Phase Estrogen level is low
Hypothalamus tells the Pituitary to release FSH and LH
These hormones travel to the ovaries and cause the follicle to mature
Cells around the egg produce estrogen because estrogen is what prepares the uterus
Thickens the lining to receive the egg
10 days long

42. 4 Cycles Ovulation Shortest phase in the cycle Lasts 3-4 days long
Occurs midway through
Pituitary produces a sudden rush of FSH and LH
The follicle ruptures and the mature egg is released into the fallopian tube.

43. 4 Cycles Luteal Phase aka Corpus Luteum Stage
Begins after the egg is released
Follicle turns yellow due to the rupturing of the cells
Now known as the corpus luteum (yellow body)
Estrogen is released and progesterone begins to be released as well.

44. 4 Cycles Luteal Phase cont.
The increased estrogen levels occur during the 1st 14 days which promotes cell growth and tissue development.
Blood supply increases which helps the tissues mature
The lining is fully prepared to accept a fertilized egg.
During the first 2 days of this phase the fertilization rate is the highest.
If fertilized  egg will begin to divide.

45. What happens if fertilization doesn’t occur?
Menstruation
Within 2-3 days of ovulation, the egg will pass through the uterus without implantation
Corpus leuteum will disintegrate
Hormone levels in the blood decrease.

46. When the level of estrogen drop below a certain point, the lining of the uterus begins to detach from the uterine wall.
This tissue, along with blood and the unfertilized egg are discharged through the vagina.
This is known as Menstruation
Lasts 3-7 days
Day 1-5 of the cycle

49. A few days later after “Period” ends, the hormone levels are low enough to stimulate the release of FSH and LH
The cycle begins all over again.

50. 3/17 Period 2 & 4 Aim: How can we review the menstrual cycle?
Do now: Take out HW, work on questions
HW: School island due Friday

51. 3/17 Period 8 Aim: How can we review the menstrual cycle?
Do now: Take out HW (purple questions) and labeling handout (Blue)
HW: Menstrual Cycle Questions (Regents)