1. Alternative Visions for Computer Science Technology in Service of Society Raj Reddy Carnegie Mellon University CCSV-2020 Talk October 13, 2009

2. CCSV2020 Vision I: Jim Gray’s Vision 1. Scalability: Devise a software and hardware architecture that scales up by a factor for 10^6. 2. The Turing Test: Build a computer system that wins the imitation game at least 30% of the time. 3. Speech to text: Hear as well as a native speaker. 4. Text to speech: Speak as well as a native speaker. 5. See as well as a person: recognize objects and behavior. 6. Personal Memex: Record everything a person sees and hears, and quickly retrieve any item on request. 7. World Memex: Build a system that given a text corpus, can answer questions about the text and summarize the text as precisely and quickly as a human expert. Do the same for music, images, art, and cinema.

3. CCSV2020 Vision II: Jim Gray’s Vision (Cont) 8. TelePresence: Simulate being some other place retrospectively as an observer (TeleOberserver): hear and see as well as actually being there, and As well as a participant, and simulate being some other place as a participant (TelePresent): interacting with others and with the environment as though you are actually there. 9. Trouble-Free Systems: Build a system used by millions of people each day and yet administered and managed by a single part-time person. 10. Secure System: Assure that the system of problem 9 only services authorized users, service cannot be denied by unauthorized users, and information cannot be stolen (and prove it.) 11. Always-Up: Assure that the system is unavailable for less than one second per hundred years -- 8 9's of availability (and prove it.) 12. Automatic Programmer: Devise a specification language or user interface that: a. makes it easy for people to express designs (1,000x easier), b. computers can compile, and c. can describe all applications (is complete). d. system should reason about application, asking questions about exception cases and incomplete specification. But it should not be onerous to use.

4. CCSV2020 Vision II: Societal Need Driven Research Goal Driven Basic Research: Pasteur’s Quadrant (Stokes, 1997) Curiosity Driven Goal Driven Fundamental Bohr's Quadrant Pasteur's Quadrant Atomic Theory Germ Theory of Disease TacticalPre-Darwin's Quadrant Edison's Quadrant Study of Flora and FaunaElectricity

5. Examples of Societal Need Driven CS Research Helping Aging population Helping Aging population Disaster Rescue Disaster Rescue Accident-Avoiding Cruise Control Accident-Avoiding Cruise Control Access to Information and Digital Libraries Access to Information and Digital Libraries Access to Education Access to Education Literacy Literacy Urban/Rural Divide Urban/Rural Divide Access to Healthcare Access to Healthcare Access to Health Information Access to Health Information Emergency Healthcare Emergency Healthcare

6. Helping Aging population Encouraging Social Activity view video-clip video-clip

7. Robotics and Disaster Rescue Watch Video-clip Video-clip Disaster sites are often dangerous for human exploration Victims must be retrieved within 48 hours Technology Needs Information Collection from Above Robotic Helicopter Infoballoon Information Collection on the Rubble Information Collection in the Rubble Snake Robot Wide-Area Information Collection Drop-in Cell-phone Tower Database for Rescue Management

8. Accident-Avoiding Car Watch Video-Clip Video-Clip

9. Sanskrit book on Rig-Veda Video-Clip of DL Concepts Video-Clip

10. Learning to Read: Reading Tutor Watch VideoclipVideoclip

11. A University for Gifted Youth from Low Income Families TALENT is spread across populations, but OPPORTUNITY is not

12. Robbery – Thief requested wife to dial 108 after 10 minutes to take the injured husband to hospital 3 Hour Neonate (Baby Girl) Buried Firing - Between Army Commanders and Naxalites Cyclist– Fell on road divider rod Emergency Management Research Institute Innovative Use of ICT in Healthcare View VideoView Video Technologies in Use Call Centers: Voice Loggers GIS / Maps GPS / AVLT Mobile Communication Application software for Sense, Reach and Care ePCR (Electronic Patient Case Record) Form Extraordinary Performance from Ordinary People

13. CCSV2020 Vision III: Follow the Money Human Resource Development for Future Generation Technologies Computer Engineering Computer Engineering Semiconductor Industry Semiconductor Industry Processor and Memory Technologies Processor and Memory Technologies Systems: PCs, Laptops, Mainframes, Super Computers Systems: PCs, Laptops, Mainframes, Super Computers Computer Science Computer Science Computational Thinking: Understanding Computation Computational Thinking: Understanding Computation Computational Complexity Computational Complexity Creating Usable Computation Creating Usable Computation Algorithm Design Algorithm Design System Architectures System Architectures Software Engineering Software Engineering Human Computer Interaction Human Computer Interaction AI: Search, Learning, Robotics, Language Technologies AI: Search, Learning, Robotics, Language Technologies Application Domains where ICT is central Application Domains where ICT is central Education Education Healthcare Healthcare Entertainment Entertainment Energy Energy Transportation Transportation Computational X: Science, Engineering, Political Sc., Environment Computational X: Science, Engineering, Political Sc., Environment

14. Missing Science in Systems SILKy systems SILKy systems Speech, Image, Language and Knowledge based systems Speech, Image, Language and Knowledge based systems Forgiving Systems Forgiving Systems Tolerate error and ambiguity in interactions Tolerate error and ambiguity in interactions Self Improving Systems Self Improving Systems Incremental non-intrusive knowledge acquisition Incremental non-intrusive knowledge acquisition Learn from examples and observations Learn from examples and observations Self- Aware Systems: Intelligent Help, Advice and Tutoring Self- Aware Systems: Intelligent Help, Advice and Tutoring Learn from examples and observations Learn from examples and observations Intelligent Agents Intelligent Agents Mail: Junk Mail Problem Mail: Junk Mail Problem Communications: Telephone Dialog Understanding Communications: Telephone Dialog Understanding Secretarial: Scheduling Secretarial: Scheduling Budget Management Budget Management

15. Missing Science in Algorithms Goal Driven Algorithms Goal Driven Algorithms Approximate Algorithms Approximate Algorithms Discovery and Inference from Massive Data Discovery and Inference from Massive Data Data Intensive Computing Data Intensive Computing Incremental Learning Incremental Learning Learn from examples and observations in sparse data environments Learn from examples and observations in sparse data environments Resource Limited Algorithms Resource Limited Algorithms Communications Limited Communications Limited On-chip and off-chip On-chip and off-chip Memory Limited Memory Limited Processing Limited Processing Limited

16. Missing Science in Infrastructure Connectivity Connectivity Access to free Internet for basic services? Access to free Internet for basic services? Computer Access Computer Access Accessibility: Less than 5 minute walk? Accessibility: Less than 5 minute walk? Affordability: Costing less than a cup of coffee per day? Affordability: Costing less than a cup of coffee per day? Digital Literacy Digital Literacy Language Divide Language Divide Literacy Divide Literacy Divide Improving Access to Improving Access to information and knowledge information and knowledge education and learning education and learning health care health care job skills job skills entertainment entertainment

17. CCSV 2020: What Next in CS Research? Concept Driven Research Concept Driven Research Follow the footsteps of Babbage, Turing, Follow the footsteps of Babbage, Turing, and Vannevar Bush and Vannevar Bush Societal Need Driven Research Societal Need Driven Research Follow Pasteur Follow Pasteur Future Employment Driven Research Future Employment Driven Research Follow the Money Follow the Money The golden rule: He who has the gold makes the rules The golden rule: He who has the gold makes the rules