1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.

1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false 1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body. 2. Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control. 3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones. 4. Your heart is a muscle. 5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much. 6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much. 7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker 8. You don’t need more than 30 min. of physical activity every day. 9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play through the pain and it will go away. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

STARTER – Group Activity
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false STARTER – Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false: 10. A balanced diet: a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt. b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood, beans, eggs, and nuts. c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), added sugars, and refined grains. d) All of the above Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

True. You can control your skeletal muscles to walk, run,
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false 1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body. -False. There are over 600 muscles in the body. 2. Skeletal, or voluntary muscles are the muscles you can control. True. You can control your skeletal muscles to walk, run, pick up things, play an instrument, throw a baseball, kick a soccer ball, push a lawnmower, or ride a bicycle 3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones. False. Ligaments connect bones to other bones. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false 4. Your heart is a muscle. True. The heart is a special muscle called “cardiac muscle.” It works constantly to pump blood through your body. 5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much. True. Muscles can be strained by stretching them too much, as when you lift something that is too heavy. 6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much. False. Sprains happen when ligaments (which connect bones to bones) are stretched too much. A stretching injury to a tendon (which connects a muscle to a bone) is called a strain. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false 7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker True. If a muscle is not used, it will get smaller and weaker. This is known as atrophy. 8. You don’t need more than 30 minutes of physical activity every day. False. You should get at least 60 minutes of exercise every day. It doesn’t have to be a whole hour all at once, but it does need to be in at least 10-minute increments to count toward your 60 minutes of physical activity per day. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false 9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play through the pain and it will go away. False. If something starts to hurt, stop playing or exercising. You might just need to rest the injured part, or you might need to see a doctor. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

d) All of the above 10. A balanced diet:
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Starter-Group Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false 10. A balanced diet: a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt. b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood, beans, eggs, and nuts. c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), added sugars, and refined grains. d) All of the above Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Distinguish between the different types of muscle
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue Learning Objectives Everyone should Distinguish between the different types of muscle Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue Most will Identify the location of skeletal muscles in various regions of the body Some might Explain the need for antogonistic pairs Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Smooth Cardiac Skeletal Anatomy
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Smooth Cardiac Skeletal DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme. 2. The Muscular System

Different types muscle tissue
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook! Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Different types muscle tissue Sub-topics Skeletal Muscles (striated and voluntary muscles) are those which attach to bones and have the main function of contracting to facilitate movement of our skeletons. Striated-appearance of light and dark stripes 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook! Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Different types muscle tissue Sub-topics Skeletal Muscles 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook! Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Different types muscle tissue Sub-topics Smooth muscle (Unstriated) Involuntary muscle due to our inability to control its movements. Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, esophagus, bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels. 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook! Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Different types muscle tissue Sub-topics Smooth muscle 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook! Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Different types muscle tissue Sub-topics Cardiac muscle only in the walls of the heart. Similar to: skeletal muscle -striated smooth muscle- involuntarily controlled 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook! Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle Different types muscle tissue Sub-topics Cardiac muscle 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Group Thought Anatomy What do we use our muscles for?
IB Sports, exercise and health science Group Thought What do we use our muscles for? Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy • Skeletal muscles contract exerting forces on the tendons • Tendons then pull on the bones causing joint movement Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System • Generating body heat

• Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions
IB Sports, exercise and health science Group Thought What do we use our muscles for? Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy • Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

• Movement of substances within the body e.g. peristalsis
IB Sports, exercise and health science Group Thought What do we use our muscles for? Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy • Movement of substances within the body e.g. peristalsis Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Now complete the Functions of Muscles section in your workbook!

1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue Sub-topics Contractility: ability to receive and respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse which causes contraction of the muscle cells Excitability: ability to shorten. Extensibility: ability of muscle to lengthen. Elasticity: ability of muscle to return to normal size. 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue Sub-topics Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle tissue Hypertrophy: is the increase in size of muscle tissue. Controlled by nerve stimuli. Fed by capillaries. DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue Can you write a definition for the words below without using your notes? Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Term Definition Contractility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity Atrophy Hypertrophy 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Muscle Structure Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Epimysium: This is the connective tissue wrap just under the deep fascia that surrounds the entire muscle Perimysium: This connective tissue surrounds each individual fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers). Endomysium: This is the connective tissue wrapped around each individual muscle cell (fiber). Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Topic 1 Anatomy Individual Activity Carry out the investigation in your workbook “The effect of temperature on muscle function” Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Muscle fibers are made up of a group of myofibrils. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Myofibril: the muscle cells are filled with cylindrical structures called myofibrils. These contain the myofilaments whose action is responsible for the contraction of the myofibrils and therefore the muscle as a whole. Solomon & Davis 2. The Muscular System

Anatomy IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic 1 Anatomy
Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Muscle Structure Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Anatomy IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic 1 Anatomy
Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle There are 2 kinds of myofilaments: (Thick and Thin) Myosin: thick filaments Actin: thin filaments Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System A unit of thick and thin filaments is known as a Sarcomere. These structures hold the key to muscle contraction. Because of the staggered thin and thick filaments it has the effect as one might pull a rope towards oneself hand over hand. Solomon & Davis

IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Anatomy
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy The Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion. The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s). The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s) Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Origin Now complete the section in your workbook Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Arm is being flexed 2. The Muscular System Insertion The radius and ulna are the moving bones- INSERTION The humerus and scapula are stationary bones- ORIGIN

1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Origin: the point where the tendon attaches to the bone which does not move during muscle action. Insertion: the point where the tendon attaches to the bone which moves during an action. e.g. Action of biceps muscle: Scapula is origin (Proximal point) and radius is the insertion. (distal point) DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Antagonistic Muscles Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons. They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Ex.Biceps brachii and triceps brachii work in what is called Antagonistic Muscle Action. As one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.

Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Flexion (Bending) of the Arm Topic 1 Anatomy The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist. The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Antagonist (The triceps relaxes) 2. The Muscular System Agonist (The biceps contract) Other muscles support the agonist in creating movement and these are called synergist (neutralizer). Fixator (stabilizer) muscles that allow the agonist to work, stabilizing the origin

STARTER – Label the diagram
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy STARTER – Label the diagram Using the muscles listed below Topic 1 Anatomy * Transverse abdominus * Internal Oblique Sub-topics * External Oblique 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System * Pectoralis Major * Rectus abdominus

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Anterior muscles Rectus Abdominus External obliques Internal obliques Transverse Abdominis Deltoid Pectoralis major & minor Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps group (rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis.) Tibialis anterior Biceps brachii Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Crunches

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy External Obliques Movement: Flexion Origin: Lower eight ribs Insertion: Ilium Exercise: Russian Twist Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Internal Oblique Movement: Flexion and rotation of the spine Origin: Ilium, Thoracolumbar Fascia Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Insertion: Ribs 8-12 Exercise: Twisting Crunches

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Transverse Abdominus Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Compresses abdomen Origin: Iliac Crest, Ribs 12-16, Inguinal Ligement Insertion: Xiphoid Process and Pubic Symphasis Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercises: Flutter Kicks, Superman, Bicycles

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Deltoid Movement: Flexion, Extension and Abduction of the shoulders Origin: Clavicle and Scapula Insertion: Lateral Humerus Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Back press Military press Overhead press

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Pectoralis Major Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Flexion, Adduction of the shoulder Sub-topics Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Anterior Ribs Insertion: Humerus 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Bench press

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Pectoralis Minor Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Assists serratus anterior and Adduction of the Scapula Sub-topics Origin: Anterior Ribs Insertion: Scapula 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Bench press

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Iliopsoas Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Flexion of the hip Origin: Ilium and Lumbar Vertebrae Insertion: Inner Femur Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Sit-ups

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Sartorius Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Flexion, Abduction and lateral rotation of the hip. Sub-topics Origin: Ilium Insertion: Medial Tibia 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Walking Lunges Jump lunges

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Quadriceps Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Flexion at the hip Extension at the knee Sub-topics Muscle Origin Insertion Rectus femoris Ilium Tibia Vastus lateralis Femur Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Squats

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Tibialis Anterior Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Dorsiflexion Origin: Lateral tibia Insertion: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Toe raises

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Triceps Brachii Biceps Brachii Flexion Extension Origin: Scapula Origin: Scapula and Humerus Insertion: Radius and Ulna Insertion: Ulna Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Agonist: Biceps Antagonist: Triceps Exercise: Biceps curls Triceps extensions

• Draw around one of your group members on butcher paper.
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Body Draw • Draw around one of your group members on butcher paper. • Without looking at your notes, shade in and label all the muscles you can remember from last lesson! Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Posterior Muscles Triceps brachii Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Gluteus maximus Hamstrings group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) Gastrocnemius Soleus Erector spinae Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Triceps Brachii Biceps Brachii Flexion Extension Origin: Scapula Origin: Scapula and Humerus Insertion: Radius and Ulna Insertion: Ulna Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Agonist: Biceps Antagonist: Triceps Exercise: Biceps curls Triceps extensions

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Trapezius Movement: Extension and adduction of the shoulder Origin: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae, base of the skull Insertion: Clavicle and Scapula Exercise: Shrugs, Seated Row Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Latissimus Dorsi Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder joint. Origin: Sacrum, Ileum, Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae Insertion: Humerus Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Chin-ups. Pull-downs

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Latissimus Dorsi Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Gluteus Maximus Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Extension and rotation of the hip Sub-topics Origin: Posterior Ilium, Sacrum and Coccx Insertion: Femur and IT band 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Deadlift

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Gluteus Maximus Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Hamstrings Movement: Flexion of the knee and extension of the hip Muscle Origin Insertion Biceps Femoris Ischium, Femur Fibula, Lateral Tibia Semitendinosus Ischium Medial Tibia Smimembranosus Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Leg Curls

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Gastrocnemius Topic 1 Anatomy Movement: Knee Flexion and Plantarflexion Sub-topics Origin: Posterior Femur Insertion: Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Calf Raises

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Soleus Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Exercise: Seated calf raises

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Erector Spinae Movement: Extension Origin: ribs, Vertebrae, Ilium Insertion: Ribs and Vertebrae Exercise: Chest raise Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

• On the other side of your first drawing, make a duplicate body.
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Body Draw • On the other side of your first drawing, make a duplicate body. • Without looking at your notes, shade in and label all the muscles you can remember from last lesson! Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Homework: Go to the following site and go through the discussion. Pay close attention to the parts on Actin and Myosin. In your notebooks write an explanation of how Actin and Myosin function within muscle cells. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Recruitment of Muscle Tissue Anatomy
IB Sports, exercise and health science Recruitment of Muscle Tissue Anatomy Continuum of Physical Activity Topic 1 Anatomy Muscle “adapts” to meet the habitual level of demand placed on it, i.e. level of physical activity. This results in muscular hypertrophy which is a result in an increase of myofibrils as a result of increased exercise. Strength Trained Sub-topics Load 1. The Skeletal System Endurance Trained 2. The Muscular System Controls Inactivity Frequency of recruitment Adapted from Faulkner, Green and White In: Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health, Ed. Bouchard, Shephard and Stephens Human Kinetics Publishers, 1994

IB Sports, exercise and health science Recruitment of Muscle Tissue Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Level of physical activity determined by the frequency of recruitment and the load. Increase muscle use endurance training strength training (cannot be optimally trained for both strength and endurance) Decrease muscle use prolonged bed rest limb casting denervation space flight. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science Recruitment of Muscle Tissue Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Endurance training Little hypertrophy but major biochemical adaptations within muscle fibers. Increased numbers of mitochondria; concentration and activities of oxidative enzymes (e.g. succinate dehydrogenase, see below). Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Control 12 week Treadmill Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity: Low activity light High activity dark

IB Sports, exercise and health science Recruitment of Muscle Tissue Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Disuse causes atrophy -- USE IT OR LOSE IT! Muscular Atrophy is a result of decrease in myofibrils through disuse Individual fiber atrophy (loss of myofibrils) with no loss in fibers. Effect more pronounced in Type II fibers. “Completely reversible” (in young healthy individuals). Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Control Cast for 6 weeks

Aging and Muscle Performance
IB Sports, exercise and health science Anatomy Aging and Muscle Performance Topic 1 Anatomy Performance Declines with Aging Despite maintenance of physical activity 100 80 60 40 20 Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Performance (% of Peak) 2. The Muscular System Shotput/Discus  Marathon Basketball (rebounds/game) Ages (years) Write a CONCLUSION for this graph Try and explain what you see not just describe

Age-related changes in muscle
IB Sports, exercise and health science Aging and Muscle Performance Anatomy Age-related changes in muscle Muscle loses size and strength as we get older, which can contribute to fatigue, weakness and reduced tolerance to exercise. This is caused by a number of factors working in combination, including: Muscle fibers reduce in number and shrink in size. Muscle tissue is replaced more slowly and lost muscle tissue is replaced with a tough, fibrous tissue. Changes in the nervous system cause muscles to have reduced tone and ability to contract. Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Age-related changes in bone
IB Sports, exercise and health science Aging and Muscle Performance Anatomy Age-related changes in bone Bone is living tissue. As we age, the structure of bone changes and this results in loss of bone tissue. Low bone mass means bones are weaker and places people at risk of breaks from a sudden bump or fall. Bones become less dense as we age for a number of reasons, including: An inactive lifestyle causes bone wastage. Hormonal changes – in women, menopause triggers the loss of minerals in bone tissue. In men, the gradual decline in sex hormones leads to the later development of osteoporosis. Bones lose calcium and other minerals. Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Age-related changes in joints
IB Sports, exercise and health science Aging and Muscle Performance Anatomy Age-related changes in joints In a joint, bones are cushioned by cartilage that lines your joints (articular cartilage), synovial membranes around the joint and a lubricating fluid inside your joints (synovial fluid). As you age, joint movement becomes stiffer and less flexible because the amount of lubricating fluid inside your joints decreases and the cartilage becomes thinner. Ligaments also tend to shorten and lose some flexibility, making joints feel stiff. Many of these age-related changes to joints are caused by lack of exercise. Movement of the joint, and the associated ‘stress’ of movement, helps keep the fluid moving. Being inactive causes the cartilage to shrink and stiffen, reducing joint mobility. Topic 1 Anatomy Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Design Lab Use your “Design Check list” to complete this design internal assessment. Investigate the effects of sensory deprivation on performance. Using the general aim given above, design (D) your own scientific investigation to answer this question.

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Group Activity Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Myosin ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: ATP + H2O ADP + phosphate ATP hydrolysis provides energy for actomyosin contraction. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System Myoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissue.

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Glycogen is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles, and funtions as the secondary long-term energy storage (with the primary energy stores being fat cells found in adipose tissue. Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells. Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System 2. The Muscular System

Books to Check out today
IB Sports, exercise and health science 1.2.4 Define the terms origin and insertion of muscles Anatomy Topic 1 Anatomy Anatomy Basics Workbook Due Wednesday Dec. 4 Sub-topics 1. The Skeletal System Books to Check out today 2. The Muscular System

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