1. Take off with history! Welcome to February 1! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1902: The Empress of China bans the binding of feet. It was traditional that women tightly wrapped their feet, creating lifelong discomfort. What do you think was the reason for the practice to begin with? Suburban: The area outside of city central. Most major cities have expanded to include suburbs and provide public transport into the city itself. Do you live in the city, the suburbs or in a rural area? What do you like best about where you live? 1887: A new subdivision is created in Southern California and it is called Hollywood. What do you think of Hollywood? Is it part of your dreams or nightmares? What was the last thing removed from King Tut’s tomb on this date in 1928? a.The skeleton of his cat. b.The jar of his vital organs. c.A jar containing his crown jewels. d.A papyrus scroll of his last wishes.

2. Take off with history! Welcome to February 2! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1941: The Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end and the 90,000 remaining Germans surrender. Only 5,000 of those survived the prisoner of war camps. What elements of a Russian winter, could you infer, brought the German war machine to surrender? Primary source: Information provided by persons directly involved by an event. At the Battle of Stalingrad, what primary sources might be available to learn what it was like? 1624: The Dutch settle a new colony and that colony is later renamed New York. What is New York like (if you have been there) or what do you think it would be like to live in New York City? Ayn Rand, a successful author born on this Day in 1905 once said: “The question isn't who is going to let me; it's who is going to stop me.” What does this tell you about her?

3. Take off with history! Welcome to February 3! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1815: Say Cheese! The first cheese factory opens in Switzerland. Do you like cheese? What varieties do you like best? Unemployment: The state of being without work. America cycles through times of prosperity and difficulties. These times affect lives of many Americans. How have these ups and downs impacted your family? 1913: Income tax becomes law with the passage of the 16 th amendment. Why is income tax necessary? “The secret to so many artists living so long is that every painting is a new adventure. So, you see, they're always looking ahead to something new and exciting. The secret is not to look back.” Norman Rockwell, born on this day in 1894, made this statement about his art. Is art a new adventure for you? Share your views.

4. Take off with history! Welcome to February 4! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : “The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.” Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian born on this day in 1906, stated the above quote. What do you hope to leave to your children? Labor union: An organization of workers that strives to protest working conditions and wages. Unions can be very important in maintaining a quality work environment but some feel they wield too much power. What is your opinion? 1789: George Washington was elected the First President of the United States. He set the standard for future presidents but most importantly, unified this nation. What do you feel is the role of the presidency in modern times? Who am I? I was born on this day in 1902. My nickname was The Lone Eagle. I am quite flighty! My plane was called the Spirit of Saint Louis. My family experienced a tragedy in the kidnapping of our first born.

5. Take off with history! Welcome to February 5! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1783: Sweden recognizes the independence of the United States. Many nations followed suit in and around this time. It gave the new United States the confidence to begin to act like an independent nation. What kinds of things would this new nation need to do that involved other nations? Monotheism: The belief in one god. Most of the major religions of today are mono- theist and most of the ancient religions were polytheistic. Why do you think man has made that transition? 1778: South Carolina was first to sign the Articles of Confederation which later was developed into the constitution. This was a brave step. Why was this risky is 1778? The most unlikely race occurred in 1905! The race was 10 miles and it was between An automobile and: a.A camel b.A Balloon c.A horse d.A dirigible (P.S. –the auto lost by 3 minutes!)

6. Take off with history! Welcome to February 6! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 43: The women who were heroes to the people of Vietnam, the Trung sisters, were close to being captured so they drowned themselves. They must have feared capture more than life. What do you fear most? Bureaucrat: A rigid governmental official. A bureaucrat follows the rules, which is a good thing, but often overlooks the fact he/she are dealing with real people. What changes would an official need to make to be less bureaucratic? 1820: The first ship returning freed slaves leaves New York, bound for Sierra Leone. Imagine all of the difficulties that freed slaves would face in order to accomplish this task. Make a list of those hardships that come to mind. Who am I? I sound like a relative. I first became “real” in 1868. I am a symbol to many of the United States. I have often said, “I WANT YOU!”

7. Take off with history! Welcome to February 7! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1569: As if the Spanish Inquisition was scary and brutal enough! They established a “branch office” in South America. Create an advertisement that you could place in the local paper, if one existed, that describes the services of this new business! Export: Goods being shipped to other countries. During World War II, America often shipped war machines to assist in the fighting. What else would need to be sent to the troops? 1942: All automakers were told to stop making passenger cars and create military vehicles. Imagine your family has just brought home your new vehicle, a tank, to learn to drive. Share one of your mishaps. What event occurred on this day in 1964? It started the British invasion. Their name would surely bug you! They were called the Fab Four! They debuted on the Ed Sullivan show. One has now been knighted by the Queen!

8. Take off with history! Welcome to February 8! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1587: Mary, Queen of Scots, lost her head on this day; literally. The Catholic church was quite powerful in those days and they held a tight reign on governmental decisions. Why do you think the United States Constitution stressed separation of church and state so emphatically? Enlightenment: A period of greater wisdom and awareness of quality. This period followed the Middles Ages which was not near as insightful. Why do people sometimes fear the unknown? 1908: The Wright Brothers sell a Model A Flyer to the military for $25,000 and the army will give a $5000 bonus if it can fly faster that what speed? Jules Verne, born on this day in 1828, said Of the sea: “The sea is everything. It covers seven tenths of the terrestrial globe. Its breath is pure and healthy. It is an immense desert, where man is never lonely, for he feels life stirring on all sides.” What do you love most about the sea?

9. Take off with history! Welcome to February 9! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 474: The emperor of Rome, Leo II, was five years old and the senate of Rome decides to make Leo’s dad, Zeno, co- emperor. Imagine a nation run by a five year old! Describe a typical day. Veto: To block or cancel an action. The House of Representatives vetoed the desires of the voters. What would have been your response if you aware of such action? 1825: John Quincy Adams was voted in to the presidency by the House of Representatives. The unusual thing is that he lost the popular vote AND the electoral vote. Why do you think the House intervened when the people have definitely identified their preference? Amy Lowell, poet, once penned: “For books are more than books, they are the life, the very heart and core of ages past, the reason why men worked and died, the essence and quintessence of their lives.” What book has thrilled or inspired you?

10. Take off with history! Welcome to February 10! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1906: The British launch their first modern battleship. It was 18,110 tons and had ten 12-inch guns. The British has witnessed the battle between the Russians and Japanese and saw the advantage of the big guns. They discovered, fairly quickly, a use. What major war was just around the corner? Cost: The expense, in dollars or lives. Many view war as greater cost than gain. Why do we go to war, if so much money and so many lives are expended? 1846: Brigham Young and his Mormon followers left Nauvoo, Illinois and eventually settled in Salt Lake City, Utah. Utah, like many western states, has beautiful scenery. Share you favorite place, in the West, that you have been to or would like to go to. 1675: Mary Rowlandson and her three children are the first white settlers to be captured by the Native Americans. Imagine what it was like for that family. Create a diary-like entry as if you were one of the the children, the mother or the father whose family is missing.

11. Take off with history! Welcome to February 11! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1573: Sir Francis Drake climbs a ridge and sees the Pacific Ocean for the first time. Five years later, he viewed the Pacific again as he sailed around the world. What challenges would that kind of a voyage create? Conquest: The defeating of another. Often, the European explorers, upon arriving in the New World, sought to conquer the indigenous people of that area. What advantages did the Europeans have? What advantages did the natives have? 1805: Sacajawea, Native woman who served as a guide for Lewis and Clark, gives birth to a son. Lewis helped with the birth and Clark nicknamed the child “Pomp”. Create an explanation for Clark’s nickname. What am ? I was “discovered” in 1922. I was first tested on dogs. The physicians were later award the Nobel Prize. I was used to treat Diabetes.

12. Take off with history! Welcome to February 12! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1554: Lady Jane Grey is hesitant to wear the English crown. Shortly after her 16 th birthday, she is beheaded. Imagine the reaction of the next in line for the throne. Pen their acceptance, or rejection, speech for the “honor”. Monopoly: The situation when one person or company in commerce controls most of the business. Think of the game. What does it take to win in the game of Monopoly? 1793: The first Fugitive Slave laws are passed. These laws require anyone to return escaped slaves, even if you live in a state in which slavery is illegal. Do you think more people complied or violated the law? Why? Charles Darwin, born on this date in 1809, once stated: “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.” Do you think humans are adaptable? Cite examples.

13. Take off with history! Welcome to February 13! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1945: Dresden, Germany was bombed on this day by the British and it was quite controversial. Although Germany initiated the aggression that led to WW II, Dresden was not a military position or a producer of military armaments. Thousands were killed. Were the British justified? Hunter-gatherer: Early man who spent the entire day locating and preparing food for that day. It must have been somewhat tedious. Describe a game that the hunters might have played to pass the time. 1875: Edna Kanouse arose this day to discover that the child she was pregnant with was ready for delivery. Imagine her surprise when she gave birth to quintuplets. Write what you predict would be words she stated when the local newspaper came for an interview. Who am I? I debuted on this day in 1959. Some people have called me a doll! Women worldwide were jealous of my figure! My boyfriend Ken seems to like me just the way I am!

14. Take off with history! Welcome to February 14! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1896: Edward, Prince of Wales, becomes the first person in the British royal family to ride in an automobile. Imagine how primitive that vehicle would have been! What might be some of the less than wonderful elements of that early car? Standards of living: The level at which the average person survives. Countries like America have a high standard of living. Name countries that you would predict have a low standard of living. 1929: We are well aware of the gang violence that is prevalent in most major metropolitan areas but gangs are not new! On this day, 7 of Al Capone’s rival gang members were gunned down. Al’s men posed as policemen and took them out. What was this event called? (The picture above was Capone’s last home) What was created on this day in 1979? Boy, do I have a memory! I really come in handy in this computer age! I am very small! I am a chip off an old block!

15. Take off with history! Welcome to February 15! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 339 B.C.E.: Socrates, a philosopher from Ancient Greece, was sentenced to death on this day. One of his intellectual strategies was to ask lots of questions in order to get people to think. What questions can you create that would make others think? Secession: When a portion of a country separates itself from the rest of the country and seeks independence. The South seceded just prior to the Civil War in an effort to maintain their way of life and independence. Should that action be illegal? 1804: New Jersey became the last northern state to say “no” to slavery. Today, the issue of slavery is rather clear cut and an obvious no-no. Why do you think, in the early 1800s, it was still tolerated in many places? What debuted on this day in 1758? I am found often at the ballpark. I am the color of sunshine. I was first manufactured in Philadelphia. I am a condiment.

16. Take off with history! Welcome to February 16! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1086: The people of Sicily and southern Italy were astonished by a heavenly event. It is daytime but it is getting dark. They got out torches and lamps, just so they could see. What was taking place? Fine Arts: Elements of music, art, museums and dance that represent high quality. The fine arts Is a wonderful addition to any culture. What kinds of these events do you enjoy attending? 1804: Piracy has been the way of life for many. In 1804, when the U. S. Philadelphia was captured in Tripoli, Americans feared the pirates would gain the awesome ship. A small group of American soldiers snuck aboard, helped the other Americans escape and set fire to the ship. No American lives were lost. Share another story of courage. 1979: Saturday Night Fever won a Grammy on this night. What type of music did it represent?

17. Take off with history! Welcome to February 17! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1600: Italian Astronomer, Giordano Bruno, was burned at the stake for his radical ideas – the universe was infinite. We recognize today that his radical idea is in fact the truth. Why do people fear new ideas? Cultural characteristic: It is a trait of a group of same culture people. We all share characteristics of our family. Pick a parent, grandparent, aunt, etc. What culture characteristics do you share with that person? 1817: Let there be light! A street in Boston, Massachusetts became the First United States location for gas streetlights. What other changes might occur if the streets were lit at night? Marion Anderson, born on this day in 1902, was one of the first African American classical singers. She said, “When I sing, I don't want them to see that my face is black. I don't want them to see that my face is white. I want them to see my soul. And that is colorless.” What is your interpretation of her words?

18. Take off with history! Welcome to February 18! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1519: Cortez, Spanish explorer, conquered the Aztecs of Mexico. He first befriended Montezuma and then slowly usurped his authority. Although Montezuma realized he made a mistake, it was too late. Why do you think the Aztecs trusted this stranger so devotedly? Common good: Decisions made to benefit the majority or elevate the principles of the group. Give examples when “common good” might target a minority but it would make the rest of the people better because of it? 1688: The first formal complaint against slavery was recorded on this day and was called the “Germantown Protest”. Amazingly, slavery officially survived another 170+ years. What could the protestors do that might have made this more effective? What is hinted at below? I was published on this day in 1885. Hemingway claimed this work was the beginning of American Literature. I tell the story of an interracial friendship. My author’s real name was Samuel Clemens.

19. Take off with history! Welcome to February 19! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1905: On this day in 1905, the final battle of the Japanese-Russian War began and two days later, 160,000 men would be dead. Was it worth the cost? What would you fight for to that extent? Epidemic: Widespread, often used to describe disease or popular trends. What styles, music, etc. are epidemic at this time? 1847: When we have friends for dinner, it is rarely literal. On this day, the first wave of rescuers reached the Donner Party in the Sierra Nevada Mountains only to discover evidence of cannibalism. How do you think the consumers rationalized their behavior? Who am I? I was born on this day in 1473. I was a famous astronomer. I discovered that the earth rotated on an axis. I also realized that we revolved around the sun.

20. Take off with history! Welcome to February 20! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1907: Dmitri Mandeleyev is not a household name but he did develop a reference that is used constantly in science (or at least periodically)! What did he create? Race: Ethnic classification. Unbelievably, throughout history, race classifications have been redeveloped and altered as more varieties of people are recognized. What Possible positives could come of these categorical studies? 1872: Many never reach great fame with their inventions but that does not diminish their usefulness! If you go to the grocery and pick paper over plastic, Luther Childs Crowell makes that choice more useful. What about the bag did he develop? 1726: Born in this year on this date was William Prescott. One of his more familiar quotes was: “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!” What is scary about this type of battle?

21. Take off with history! Welcome to February 21! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1916: The greatest and longest battle of world war history began at Verdun. 700,000 German and French lives were lost and the battle lasted until December 19 th. What other consequences, besides the loss of life, might have resulted in a battle of this duration? National identity: What a country is known for; their reputation. What are the things that you think American represents to foreign nations? 1937: The first successful test flight of a car-plane combination was performed on this date. The plane went 120 m.p.h. and the car traveled at 70 m.p.h. Describe the reaction of an observer who saw the car “fly”! 1965: Malcom X, African American religious leader, was assassinated on this date. He once said, “Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery.” What would be the reaction to these words?

22. Take off with history! Welcome to February 22! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1495: Charles the VIII arrives in Italy with much fanfare to claim his to the throne. Not everyone was impressed with his entrance. They immediately sent him back to France. Explain what Charles said to his friends in France why he was back so quickly! (Create a clever inference!) Recession: A downturn in the economy. A recession is usually brief and the economic loss is short lived. A depression lasts much longer. Our economy goes through many recessions. What triggers a recession? 1819: Spain cedes Florida to the United States on this date. Describe Florida in the following ways: where it is located, what it is known for and what you would most like to visit there. Who am I? I was born on this day in 1932. I was a senator from Massachusetts. I come from a well-to-do family. One of my girlfriends died tragically. I had two brothers assassinated. One of my brothers was president.

23. Take off with history! Welcome to February 23! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1874: Lawn tennis is created in London which sounds enjoyable but when it was first created, it was called “Sphairistrike.” Give a plausible explanation for this name! Population: The number of an item. This usually refers to people but animal populations are also quite common. What two nations, both over 1 billion each, house one third of the world’s population? 1835: Santa Anna has boxed in the few fighters left at the Alamo. While the Texans awaited support, Santa Anna soon destroyed the waiting troops. This event, however, empowered other Texans to fight and Santa Anna was defeated shortly after. Why would this be so inspirational? 1997: Schindler’s List is shown on NBC and For the first time EVER, what happened? a.People were able to clap. b.The movie was shown in 3D. c.The film showed the stars’ interviews. d.There were no commercials.

24. Take off with history! Welcome to February 24! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1917: The Zimmermann Note was a message, in code, in which Germany was inviting Mexico to enter the war and attack the United States. As a reward, Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. How do you think the U.S. reacted? Region: An area with a common thread. The commonality could be jobs, geography or ethnicity. What regions exist in the United States? (For example, The South, the Corn Belt, etc.) 1836: Samuel Colt has an invention that just received a patent: The Colt Revolver. Why is it necessary to get a patent? Who am I? I was an entrepreneur. I loved many fruits but especially apples. My innovations revolutionized the world. Technically speaking, I wrote the book!

25. Take off with history! Welcome to February 25! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1453: Interesting how time changes things! After Christ’s death, Christians were persecuted for their beliefs. In this year, Pope Nicholas V made sure that Jews and Christians were together. It was against the law to become Jewish. Why are religious positions so passionate? Legislative: Having to do with congressional action. What is your opinion of Congress? What do you think of the job they have been doing? 1862: Gold and silver were replaced with paper money. This is when the debt began. If the government ran out of money, they just made more. What do you think is the solution to the current debt? George Harrison, one of the Beatles who Was born on this day in 1943, once said, “Gossip is the Devil's radio.” Support your agreement or disagreement with his statement.

26. Take off with history! Welcome to February 26! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1658: Treaties on this date define the boundaries of Sweden, Denmark and Norway. Where are these three nations located and what is the name that refers to the three of them together? Terrorism: Acts of aggression meant to cripple a group or nation. What elements of a terrorist attack are most frightening? 1993: Although 9/11 is most famous, there was a World Trade Center attack which was less devastating but 6 were killed and 1000 were injured. Why would terrorists target a world trade center? John Harvey Kellogg, born in 1852, discovered the process of flaking grains, which later became Corn Flakes. What was his profession? a.Farmer b.Surgeon c.Inventor d.Scientist

27. Take off with history! Welcome to February 27! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1782: The British House of Commons votes, ending the war with the United States. The war officially began in 1776. Why do you think the British finally gave up their North American colony? Revolution: A rebellion against authority, often resulting in war. What do you think Leads people to revolution? 1922: The Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of women’s right to vote as defined in the 19 th amendment. Why did it take so long, do you think, for this legislation to become law? Which author was born on this day in 1902? (Hint: He wrote: Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice And Men, East of Eden)

28. Take off with history! Welcome to February 28! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 54 B.C.E: Julius Caesar ends his time as a consul for Rome. He was a powerful leader and did much to improve Rome but not all he did was met with joy. In 44 B.C.E., he was killed and one of the perpetrators was a close friend. Explain how this would feel like being “killed twice”. Representative government: Governmental style in which persons are selected to be the voice of the group of people they represent. What are the plusses and minuses of this approach? 1646: Americans are all about justice and if someone is in the wrong, justice should be swift. However, Roger Scott went to trial on this day. His crime: falling asleep in church! Please recommend the punishment for such a crime! Julius Caesar once said, “It is better to create than to learn! Creating is the essence of life.” What makes creating so exciting? What is The down side of creating?

29. Take off with history! Welcome to February 29! Historical brains engaged…commence ignition! World History : American History : Word of the day : Bonus Corner : 1288: Beware of leap year! A Scottish law is passed which, when a woman proposes, the man must agree or pay a fine. Imagine you are a young man (or a woman in love!), how do you plan to either hide out or find your true love? Imperialism: The pursuit of developed countries to establish colonies is less developed areas. What are the values and detrimental aspects of imperialism? 1968: The Kerner Commission recognizes on this day that the more we ostracize a racial group, the more problems it will create. What are strategies that assist in tolerance and acceptance? 1504: Native populations tend to be a little superstitious and frightened. What famous explorer predicted a lunar eclipse to scare the natives when he was stranded in Jamaica? (He actually knew one was to happen)