Chemical Nomenclature

Name: Chemical Nomenclature
Uploaded: 2017-08-15T06:09:33+00:00
Duration: PTM45S22
Channel: Susanna Roberts
Description: Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Nomenclature
Writing names from formulas and formulas from names Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Chemical Nomenclature Name to Formula
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the Type of Compound
3 Types of Compounds Ionic Covalent Acids Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Ionic Compounds Name to formula
Contain a metal or a polyatomic ion Identifying metals Use name to find symbol, find on periodic table (left and below stairstep) Identifying polyatomic ions KNOW IONS End in ---ate or ---ite with few exceptions Cyanide CN- Hydroxide OH- Peroxide O22- Ammonium NH4+ Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

All of the following are ionic
strontium sulfide Stronium (Sr) is a metal cobalt (II) arsenide Cobalt (Co) is a metal cesium phosphate Cesium (Cs) is a metal and phosphate is a polyatomic ion ammonium sulfate Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals Name to formula Determine symbols from names Check on the periodic table (Nonmetals are to the right and above the stairstep line) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

All of the following are covalent
carbon disulfide: carbon(C) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals sulfur hexafluoride: sulfur (S) and fluorine(F) are nonmetals dinitrogen pentoxide: nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are nonmetals Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Acids Name to Formula Acids have the word “acid” in the name All of the Following are Acids hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid nitric acid Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Compound Type from Name
For each of the following, determine if it is ionic, an acid, or covalent: A. ammonium sulfide B. cesium chloride C. nitrogen triiodide D. telluric acid Answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determining Formulas of Ionic Compounds
4 types of ions Representative metal ions Transition and post transitional metal ions All others Monatomic nonmetal ions Polyatomic ions Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Chemical Nomenclature Ionic Compounds
back to 31 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Representative Metal Ions
Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag Charge = group number Name = element name Barium ion: Ba, Ba is in group IIA, so charge is +2 Ba2+ Aluminum ion: Al, Al is in group IIIA, so charge is +3 Al3+ Zinc ion: Zn, Zn is in group IIB, so charge is +2 Zn2+ Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Find the charges of the following ions
calcium ion cadmium ion potassium ion gallium ion Answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Transition metal ions All other metals (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA, VIA) Form >1 ion Name is metal name (charge) Charge is in Roman numerals Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Transition metal Ions Ion Name: Symbol and Charge iron(II) Fe2+ tin(IV) Sn4+ tin(II) Sn2+ chromium(VI) Cr6+ Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Nonmetal Ions Monatomic Charge = group # - 8 Ion name Group # Charge Symbol oxide 6 (6 - 8) = O2- phosphide 5 (5 - 8) = P3- iodide 7 (7 - 8) = I- Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the charges on the following ions
Sulfide Nitride Chloride Carbide Answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Memorize These Polyatomic Ions
Chemistry 152 List of Polyatomic Ions to be Memorized Name Ion Name Ion phosphate PO43- carbonate CO32- hydrogen phosphate HPO42- hydrogen carbonate HCO3- dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4- nitrate NO3- permanganate MnO4- nitrite NO2- dichromate Cr2O72- acetate C2H3O2- chromate CrO42- oxalate C2O42- perchlorate ClO4- borate BO33- chlorate ClO3- hydroxide OH- chlorite ClO2- cyanide CN- hypochlorite ClO- thiocyanate SCN- periodate IO4- peroxide O22- iodate IO3- ammonium NH4+ iodite IO2- mercury(I) Hg22+ hypoiodite IO- arsenate AsO43- sulfate SO42- sulfite SO32- hydrogen sulfate HSO4- thiosulfate S2O32- Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Putting Ions Together Charges have to cancel Multiply ions by some “multiplier” to bring charges to least common multiple (LCM) multiplier becomes subscript Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the formula for a compound made from Fe 3+ and SO4 2-
Ion Multiplier LCM Fe3+ X = 6 SO42- X = -6 Sum of the charges is zero The multipliers become the subscripts and the formula is: Fe2(SO4)3 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the formulas of the following ionic compounds
potassium sulfide calcium phosphate lead (IV) chloride ammonium nitrate Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names
potassium sulfide: symbols: K, S charges: K: group 1 metal ==> K+ S: group VI nonmetal ==> s2- putting together K+ X 2 = 2 S2- X 1 = -2 formula = K2S calcium phosphate: symbols: Ca, PO43- charges: Ca: group II metal ==> Ca2+ PO43- : polyatomic ion ==> PO43- putting together Ca X = 6 PO X = -6 formula = Ca3(PO4)2 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names
lead(IV)chloride: symbols: Pb, Cl charges: Pb: post - transition metal name says charge is 4 ==> Pb4+ Cl: nonmetal in group VII ==> Cl- putting together Pb4+ X 1 = 4 Cl- X 4 = formula = PbCl4 ammonium nitrate: symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges ammonium = NH4+ nitrate = NO3- NH4+ X 1 = 1 NO3- X 1 = -1 formula = NH4NO3 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the formulas for the following ionic compounds
sodium oxide barium hydroxide cobalt (II) iodide ammonium sulfate Name to Formula Chart answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Covalent Compounds Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals NO CHARGES All bonds are covalent Difficult to predict how will combine Name tells formula Prefix first element prefix second-ide Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Covalent Compounds Examples
carbon disulfide CS2 sulfur hexafluoride SF6 dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the formulas of the following covalent compounds
carbon tetrabromide sulfur difluoride dichlorine heptoxide Answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Acid Nomenclature Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Two Types of Acids Binary Only two elements HX Name is hydro x ic acid Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl(aq) Oxyacids Nonbinary Contain a polyatomic ion H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine if the following acids are binary or oxyacids
Hydrobromic acid Iodic acid Nitrous acid Hydroiodic acid Phosphoric acid answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas of Binary acids
An acid is like an ionic compound where the metal is H H has a +1 charge Determine the formulas of the following binary acids Hydroiodic acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrosulfuric acid answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Oxyacids (nonbinary) H__polyatomic ion Number of H on acid will be the same as the charge on the ion Ion Acid ClO3- HClO3(aq) SO H2SO4(aq) PO H3PO4(aq) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Acid name related to name of polyatomic ion
If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3 (aq) = chloric acid chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Write the formulas of the following acids
iodic acid carbonic acid phosphorous acid answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the formulas of the following
magnesium nitride iron (III) acetate sulfur dioxide hydrofluoric acid nitrous acid Answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Chemical Nomenclature Formula to Name

Determine the Type of Compound
3 Types of Compounds Ionic Covalent Acids Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Ionic Compounds, Formula to Name
Contain a metal or polyatomic ion Identifying metals Look for symbol of metal Identifying polyatomic ions KNOW IONS All contain > 1 atom Compounds containing polyatomic ions will have at least three elements Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

All of the following are ionic
FeCl3: Fe is a metal NaBr: Na is a metal Cr(NO3)3: Cr is a metal and NO3 is a polyatomic ion MgCO3: Mg is a metal and CO3 is a polyatomic ion Ni(C2H3O2)2: Ni is a metal and C2H3O2 is a polyatomic ion NH4I : NH4 is a polyatomic ion Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are made from two nonmetals Formula to Name Check positions of the symbols on the periodic table Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

All of the following are covalent
PCl3: P and Cl are nonmetals SeO2: Se and O are nonmetals CCl4: C and Cl are nonmetals Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Acids Formula to name All acids begin with H and are aqueous, therefore they have the subscript (aq) H_____(aq) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

All of the Following are Acids
HI(aq) H3PO4(aq) HC2H3O2(aq) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Identifying Compound Type from Formula
For each of the following, determine if it is ionic, an acid, or covalent: MoF6 CaCO3 HI(aq) CSe2 Answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determining Names of Ionic Compounds
Name ions 4 types of ions Representative metal ions Transition and post transitional metal ions All others Monatomic nonmetal ions Polyatomic ions Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Representative Metal Ions
Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag Charge = group number Name = element name Ba2+ Barium ion: Al3+ Aluminum ion Zn2+ Zinc ion Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following representative metal ions
Cd2+ Sr2+ answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Transition metal ions All other metals (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA, VIA) Form >1 ion Name is metal name (charge) Charge is in Roman numerals Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Transition metal Ions Ion Name: Symbol and Charge iron(II) Fe2+ tin(IV) Sn4+ tin(II) Sn2+ chromium(VI) Cr6+ Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determining names of transition metal ions from formulas
Have to look at what it is combined with: FeBr2 Ions: Fe = transition metal: iron( x ) (We need to determine the charge.) Br = nonmetal ion: We need to determine the charge on the iron. We can do this by looking at what it is combined with as below where x represents the charge on the iron. We use the same method we used to determine formulas. We find the least common multiple. Here we have the multipliers (subscripts) Ion subscript LCM Fex X = Br- X = -2 Since the charge on the bromine is -1 and there are two of them, the LCM must be 2. Fex X = 2 Br- X = -2 The total charge from the iron must be 2. Since there is only 1 iron ion, the charge on that ion (x) must be +2 so it is iron (II). Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Determine the names of the transition metals in the following
V3(PO4)5 Sn(CO3)2 answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Nonmetal ions Name = stem---ide Symbol Ion Name O oxide P phosphide I- iodide Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following nonmetal ions
As3- S2- F- answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following ionic compounds
SrI2 Al2(SO4)3 Cr2O3 Ti3(PO4)4 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Ionic Compounds
SrI2 Ions: Sr = representative metal: strontium I = nonmetal ion: iodide strontium iodide Al2(SO4)3 Ions: Al = representative metal: aluminum SO42- = polyatomic ion: sulfate aluminum sulfate Cr2O3 Ions: Cr = transition metal: chromium( ) (Here, we need to determine the charge.) O = nonmetal ion: oxide chromium( ) oxide To finish, we need to determine the charge on the chromium as before Ion subscript LCM Crx X = O X = Since the charge on the oxygen is -2 and there are three of them, the LCM must be 6. Ion subscript LCM Crx X = O2- X = The total charge from the chromium must be 6. Since there are 2 chromium ions, the charge on the ions (x) must be +3 so it is chromium (III). The name is, therefore, chromium(III)oxide : Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Ionic Compounds
Ti3(PO4)4 ions: Ti: transition metal: titanium( ) PO43- polyatomic ion: phosphate Like we did for the last example: Ion subscript LCM Tix X = PO43- X = The LCM must be 15 and the charge on the titanium must be 12/3 = 4. The name of the ion is titanium(IV) as shown below: Ti+4 X = 12 PO43- X = -12 So, the name will be: titanium(IV)phosphate Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following ionic compounds
CaCl2 Sr(C2H3O2)2 FeBr2 V3(PO4)5 answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Covalent Compounds Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals Formula tells name Prefix first element prefix secondide Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc Prefixes are subscripts Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Covalent Compounds Examples
CO carbon monoxide SCl6 sulfur hexachloride N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following: CO2 PCl3 N2O answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Two Types of Acids Binary Only two elements HX Name is hydro x ic acid Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl Oxyacids Nonbinary Contain a polyatomic ion H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Binary acids Formula is HX Name is hydro x ic acid Example, HCl is hydrochloric acid Determine the names of the following binary acids HF(aq) HI(aq) H2Se(aq) answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Oxyacid Nomenclature Acid name related to name of polyatomic ion If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3(aq) = chloric acid chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Find the names of the following:
H2SO4(aq) Ion is SO42-,which is sulfate. Acid is sulfuric acid HClO(aq) Ion is ClO-, which is hypochlorite. Acid is hypochlorous acid Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following acids
H3PO4(aq) H2SO3(aq) HBrO4(aq) answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name the following NaI MnO2 N2H4 CaCO3 HIO4(aq) BaNa2 answers Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Type of Compound From Name
Ammonium sulfide: ammonium (NH4+) is a polyatomic ion: ionic Cesium chloride: cesium (Cs) is a metal: ionic Nitrogen triiodide: nitrogen (N) and iodine (I) are nonmetals: covalent Telluric acid: has the word "acid" in the name: acid Back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Charges on representative metal ions
calcium ion: calcium is in group IIA : Ca2+ cadmium ion: cadmium is in group IIB Cd2+ potassium ion: potassium is in group IA: K+ Gallium ion: gallium is in group IIIA: Ga3+ Back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Charges on nonmetal ions
Sulfide: group VI – 8 = -2 S2- Nitride: group V 5 – 8 = -3 N3- Chloride group VII 7 – 8 = -1 Cl- Carbide group IV 4 – 8 = -4 C4- back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names (Answers)
sodium oxide: symbols: Na, O charges: Na: group 1 metal ==> Na+ O: group VI nonmetal ==> O2- putting together Na+ X 2 = 2 O 2- X 1 = formula = Na2O barium hydroxide: symbols: Ba, OH- charges: Ba: group II metal ==> Ba2+ OH: polyatomic ion ==> OH- putting together Ba X = 2 OH- X = formula = Ba(OH)2 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas of Ionic Compounds from names (Answers)
cobalt(II)iodide: symbols: Co, I charges: Co: transition metal name says charge is 2 ==> Co2+ I: nonmetal in group VII ==> I- putting together Co2+ X 1 = 2 I- X 2 = formula = CoI2 ammonium sulfate: symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges ammonium = NH4+ sulfate = SO42- NH4+ X 2 = 2 back SO42- X 1 = -2 formula = (NH4)2SO4 Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Covalent Compounds from Names
carbon tetrabromide: 1 carbon, 4 bromine CBr4 sulfur difluoride: 1 sulfur, 2 fluorine SF2 dichlorine heptoxide: 2 chlorine, 7 oxygen Cl2O7 back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Binary acid or not Hydrobromic acid; has “hydro” in it binary Iodic acid; doesn’t have “hydro” in it not binary Nitrous acid; doesn’t have “hydro” in it Hydroiodic acid, has “hydro” in it Phosphoric acid, doesn’t have “hydro” in it back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas for binary acids
Hydroiodic acid Other ion is iodine…I-1  HI(aq) Hydrobromic acid Other ion is bromine…Br-1  HBr(aq) Hydrosulfuric acid Other ion is sulfur…S2-  H2S(aq) back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Formulas of Oxyacids Iodic acid from iodate, IO3- since only one negative charge, we need only one H, acid is HIO3(aq) carbonic acid from carbonate, CO32-, since there are 2 negative charges, we need 2 H, acid is H2CO3(aq) phosphorous acid from phosphite, PO33- since there are 3 negative charges, we need 3 H, acid is H3PO3(aq) back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name to Formula Answers
magnesium nitride: Magnesium is a metal so this is an ionic compound. magnesium ==> Mg ==> Mg2+ Mg3N2 nitride ==> N ==> N3- iron(III)acetate: Iron is a transition metal so this is an ionic compound. iron(III) ==> Fe3+ Fe(C2H3O2)3 acetate ==> C2H3O2- Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Name to Formula Answers
sulfur dioxide: Both sulfur and oxygen are nonmetals so this is a covalent compound. There is one sulfur and two oxygens. SO2 hydrofluoric acid: Since it begins with "hydro" it is a binary acid so there are only hydrogen and fluorine. H ==> H+ HF(aq) F ==> F- Nitrous acid: This is not a binary acid. It is an oxyacid. Since the acid name ends in ous acid, the ion must have been nitrite, NO2-. We have NO2- and H+ H HNO2(aq) NO2- back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Type of Compound From Formula
MoF6: Mo (molybdenum) is a metal: ionic CaCO3: Ca (calcium) is a metal: ionic HI(aq) : begins with H and is aqueous: acid CSe2 : C (carbon) and Se (selenium) are nonmetals: covalent Back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of representative metal ions
Na+ sodium ion Cd2+ cadmium ion Sr2+ strontium ion back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Transition metal ions
V3(PO4)5 ions: V: transition metal: vanadium( ) PO43- : polyatomic ion Ion subscript LCM Vx X = PO X = -15 The LCM must be 15 and the charge on the vanadium must be 15/3 = 5 as shown below: V X = 15 PO X = -15 The charge on vanadium is +5 so the name of the vanadium ion is: vanadium(V) Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Transition metal ions
Sn(CO3)2 ions: Sn: post-transition metal: tin( ) CO32- : polyatomic ion Ion subscript LCM Snx X = CO X = -4 The LCM must be 4 and the charge on the tin must be 4/1 = 4 as shown below: Sn X = 4 CO X = -4 The charge on tin is +4 so the name of the tin ion is: tin(IV) back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of nonmetal ions Name = stem---ide As3- arsenide S2- sulfide F- fluoride back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of ionic compounds (Answers)
CaCl2: Ions: Ca = representative metal: calcium Cl = nonmetal ion: chloride calcium chloride Sr(C2H3O2)2: Ions: Sr = representative metal: strontium C2H3O2 = polyatomic ion: acetate strontium acetate Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of ionic compounds (Answers)
FeBr2 Ions: Fe = transition metal: iron( ) Br = nonmetal ion: bromide iron( ) bromide Determining the charge on the iron. Ion subscript LCM Fex X = 2 Br X = -2 The total charge from the iron must be 2. Since there is only 1 iron ion, the charge on that ion (x) must be +2 so it is iron (II). The name is, therefore, iron(II)bromide V3(PO4)5 ions: V: transition metal: vanadium( ) PO43-: polyatomic ion: phosphate Like we did for the last example: Ion subscript LCM Vx X = 15 PO43- X = -15 The total charge from the vanadium must be15. Since there are 3 vanadiums, the charge on the ions must be15/3 = 5 so the name of the ions is vanadium (V) and the name of the compound is: vanadium(V) phosphate back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Covalent Compounds
CO2 : one carbon and 2 oxygens ==> carbon dioxide PCl3: one phosphorus, 3 chlorines ==> phosphorus trichloride N2O: two nitrogen, one oxygen ==> dinitrogen monoxide back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of Binary Acids HF(aq) = hydrofluoric acid HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid H2Se(aq) = hyroselenic acid back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names of oxyacids H3PO4(aq) PO43- is phosphate so the acid is phosphoric acid H2SO3(aq) SO32- is sulfite so the acid is sulfurous acid HBrO4(aq) BrO4- is perbromate so the acid is perbromic acid back Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names from formulas NaI: Na is a representative metal. This is an ionic compound. Since sodium is a representative metal, we don't have to specify its charge. Iodine is nonmetal ion. sodium iodide MnO2: Manganese is a transition metal. This is an ionic compound. Because manganese is a transition metal, we have to determine its charge. Oxygen has a charge of -2 and there are 2 of them, so there is a total of -4 in the compound. Therefore, the manganese must be +4. Oxygen is nonmetal ion. manganese (IV) oxide N2H4: N and H are both nonmetals and there are 2 (di) nitrogens and 4 (tetra) hydrogens. dinitrogen tetrahydride Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Names from formulas CaCO3: Calcium is a representative metal and CO32- is a polyatomic ion. calcium carbonate HIO4(aq): This is an acid. It contains a polyatomic ion...IO4- which is periodate periodic acid BaNa2 : two metals?.. try writing it BaNaNa…or perhaps Banana….. It’s a banana! Ha! Ha! Ha! Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Chemical Nomenclature

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