1. The Games and A Day at Rome By David Tinianow

2. The Games In Rome, the games were very important to all of the citizens In Rome, the games were very important to all of the citizens The games provided free entertainment to all citizens The games provided free entertainment to all citizens Poor and unemployed people looked forward to these exciting events in their tedious, dull lives Poor and unemployed people looked forward to these exciting events in their tedious, dull lives Magistrates and wealthy people anticipated boasting their wealth and social status at these events Magistrates and wealthy people anticipated boasting their wealth and social status at these events They were held all over the Roman world, including Verulamium and Careleon in Britain They were held all over the Roman world, including Verulamium and Careleon in Britain

3. The Games http://www.esc2.net/TIEYear3/projects/rome/Images/lion.JPG

4. Tensions in the Games The entertainment did not defuse social tensions The entertainment did not defuse social tensions Conflict between classes would occur Conflict between classes would occur 59 AD: A riot breaks out at the gladiatorial games at Pompeii which results in closure of the amphitheatre for 10 years 59 AD: A riot breaks out at the gladiatorial games at Pompeii which results in closure of the amphitheatre for 10 years

5. Roman Shows During the first century BC shows in Rome generally consisted of: During the first century BC shows in Rome generally consisted of: Theatric performances Theatric performances Gladiatorial displays Gladiatorial displays Conclusion with the chariot races Conclusion with the chariot races http://www.wilsonsalma nac.com/images2/circus _max3.jpg

6. Theatre Drama consisted largely of comedies, slapstick, acrobatics, ballet and mime, knockabout farce Drama consisted largely of comedies, slapstick, acrobatics, ballet and mime, knockabout farce Serious drama was generally unpopular Serious drama was generally unpopular It was outdone in spectacle created by the sponsor in a bid for popular appeal It was outdone in spectacle created by the sponsor in a bid for popular appeal

7. Gladiator’s Arena Rome’s first permanent amphitheatre was built in 29 BC Rome’s first permanent amphitheatre was built in 29 BC Until 29 BC, exhibitions of wild beast and gladiator battles took place in the forum and Circus Maximus Until 29 BC, exhibitions of wild beast and gladiator battles took place in the forum and Circus Maximus From the Film “Gladiator”

8. Gladiators http://www.psychicworld.net/roman.jpg

9. Gladiatorial Show Began with a grand parade featuring gladiators dressed in gold and purple robes riding in chariots Began with a grand parade featuring gladiators dressed in gold and purple robes riding in chariots Music was made with brass and wind instruments and a hydraulic organ Music was made with brass and wind instruments and a hydraulic organ

10. Gladiators Gladiators put in no-hope situations were criminals who were condemned to death; sometimes these scenarios involved wild beasts Gladiators put in no-hope situations were criminals who were condemned to death; sometimes these scenarios involved wild beasts Proper gladiators had some chance of survival Proper gladiators had some chance of survival If a gladiator survived long enough or impressed they could earn their freedom from the arena If a gladiator survived long enough or impressed they could earn their freedom from the arena Many gladiators earned a mass following in the crowd, especially among females Many gladiators earned a mass following in the crowd, especially among females

11. Gladiators and Their Equipment Samnite – Heavily armed with a large oblong shield and a sword/spear; protected by a visored helmet, and protection on right arm and leg Samnite – Heavily armed with a large oblong shield and a sword/spear; protected by a visored helmet, and protection on right arm and leg Thraex – Armed with reversed sickle and protected by a light shield and helmet Thraex – Armed with reversed sickle and protected by a light shield and helmet Retiarius – Lightly armed with only a tunic, a trident, a dagger, and a net Retiarius – Lightly armed with only a tunic, a trident, a dagger, and a net Model Retiarius Gladiator http://www.gijoecanada.com/images/ignite_gladiator% 20retiarius%20ign-ar037.jpg

12. Gladiator Show Gladiator battles were very brutal Gladiator battles were very brutal The crowd determined whether an opponent at mercy to another should be finished off The crowd determined whether an opponent at mercy to another should be finished off Thumbs up meant spare him Thumbs up meant spare him Thumbs pointed at one’s own chest meant kill him Thumbs pointed at one’s own chest meant kill him The winner received a crown and prize money The winner received a crown and prize money http://www.qwipster.net/gladiator.jpg

13. Gladiator Facts In 80 AD, during a staged hunt in the Colosseum, 5000 wild beasts were killed in a single day In 80 AD, during a staged hunt in the Colosseum, 5000 wild beasts were killed in a single day Incense-burners were used to eliminate the stench of dead animals Incense-burners were used to eliminate the stench of dead animals Boys covered pools of blood with sand Boys covered pools of blood with sand After a victim had fallen, Mercury (who led soulds into the Underworld) came on and used a hot iron to make sure they were dead After a victim had fallen, Mercury (who led soulds into the Underworld) came on and used a hot iron to make sure they were dead

14. The Race Arena The Circus Maximus The Circus Maximus Huge rectangle with semicircular ends Huge rectangle with semicircular ends Seats holding up to 250,000 spectators Seats holding up to 250,000 spectators Located between Palatine and Aventine hills Located between Palatine and Aventine hills Men and Women could sit together Men and Women could sit together

15. The Races Praetor dropped white cloth to start race Praetor dropped white cloth to start race Chariots ran from 12 starting boxes Chariots ran from 12 starting boxes Normal race consisted of 7 laps on the 1,200 yard track Normal race consisted of 7 laps on the 1,200 yard track Turning posts were known as metae which consisted of 3 cones of gilded bronze Turning posts were known as metae which consisted of 3 cones of gilded bronze Central area was known as the spina or backbone Central area was known as the spina or backbone Every time a lap was completed, an egg and dolphin were lowered Every time a lap was completed, an egg and dolphin were lowered A skillful sport which involved racing about 5 miles for around 15 minutes A skillful sport which involved racing about 5 miles for around 15 minutes

16. The Racers Charioteers were mainly slaves Charioteers were mainly slaves If slaves were popular enough from performance, they might be able to make enough money to buy their freedom If slaves were popular enough from performance, they might be able to make enough money to buy their freedom Four companies of trainers hired out teams to promoters who paid all expenses Four companies of trainers hired out teams to promoters who paid all expenses Racers wore colors of their stables Racers wore colors of their stables Red, Pale Green, Sea Blue, White Red, Pale Green, Sea Blue, White Gambling was illegal but was held on a massive scale Gambling was illegal but was held on a massive scale

17. A Day at Rome The following accounts for an ordinary Roman who wants to climb higher in the social order The following accounts for an ordinary Roman who wants to climb higher in the social order http://www.uvi.edu/pub- relations/current_events/carnival_04_cos tumes/images/roman_man.jpg

18. A Day at Rome: Early Morning He wakes up in a simply furnished bedroom and splashes some water on himself He wakes up in a simply furnished bedroom and splashes some water on himself He has slept in a tunic and changes into a toga He has slept in a tunic and changes into a toga The toga signifies his being a Roman citizen The toga signifies his being a Roman citizen He has a light breakfast (or none at all) which consists of bread with cheese or honey and milk He has a light breakfast (or none at all) which consists of bread with cheese or honey and milk He then travels to visit his patron who he hopes will help him gain success through returned favors He then travels to visit his patron who he hopes will help him gain success through returned favors

19. A Day at Rome: Early Morning A Roman Dressed in His Toga and Ready To Go http://www.novaroma.org/vici/imag es/thumb/300px-Cincinnatus- toga.jpg

20. A Day at Rome: Daybreak He presents himself at the house of his patron He presents himself at the house of his patron This morning greeting is known as salutatio This morning greeting is known as salutatio He hopes for an invitation to dinner or a small gift of money known as a sportula He hopes for an invitation to dinner or a small gift of money known as a sportula Sometimes his patron insists that he accompany him to the forum to partake in business – political, legal, and financial Sometimes his patron insists that he accompany him to the forum to partake in business – political, legal, and financial

21. A Day at Rome: Lunch A small break is had for lunch A small break is had for lunch Lunch is a light meal that consists of fish, eggs, or pork with vegetables followed by fruit Lunch is a light meal that consists of fish, eggs, or pork with vegetables followed by fruit After a brief break, he would probably get some exercise After a brief break, he would probably get some exercise He may visit the Campus Martius, which is known as the playground of ancient Rome He may visit the Campus Martius, which is known as the playground of ancient Rome All sports were practiced here All sports were practiced here People went for strolls People went for strolls Military training took place Military training took place Strong current in river provided energetic swimming Strong current in river provided energetic swimming

22. A Day at Rome: Afternoon He goes to the public baths, known as balnea, to clean himself He goes to the public baths, known as balnea, to clean himself Many of these baths were very cheap Many of these baths were very cheap He would change in the changing room (apodyterium) He would change in the changing room (apodyterium) Then he would immerse himself in warm water in the warm room (tepidarium) Then he would immerse himself in warm water in the warm room (tepidarium) Next he went into the hot room (calidarium) Next he went into the hot room (calidarium) This room was heated by a system under the floor known as the hypocaust This room was heated by a system under the floor known as the hypocaust After a brief bath he oiled himself with olive oil and scraped it off with a strigil After a brief bath he oiled himself with olive oil and scraped it off with a strigil Then he went to the cold room (frigidarium) where he dove into cold water Then he went to the cold room (frigidarium) where he dove into cold water Finally he dried himself with a towel and went back into the changing room Finally he dried himself with a towel and went back into the changing room

23. A Day at Rome: Afternoon Olive Oil and Strigil http://www.ngfl- cymru.org.uk/vtc/ngfl/eng/ks2/history/ro mans/caerleon_challenge/media/images/ oil%20jar%20and%20strigil.jpg Roman Baths in Bath http://www- staff.it.uts.edu.au/~jenny/photos /2006/uk2006n/slides/Roman%2 0Baths.JPG

24. A Day at Rome: Dinner Dinner (cena) is a big affair for him Dinner (cena) is a big affair for him It is considered short if it lasts only three Roman hours It is considered short if it lasts only three Roman hours There is plenty of eating, conversation, and entertainment There is plenty of eating, conversation, and entertainment After dinner, he returns home through dark and narrow Roman streets hoping he will not get mugged After dinner, he returns home through dark and narrow Roman streets hoping he will not get mugged

25. A Day at Rome: Time There were twelve hours in a Roman day There were twelve hours in a Roman day Each hour compromised a twelfth of the time from sunrise to sunset Each hour compromised a twelfth of the time from sunrise to sunset Hours in the summer were longer in the winter Hours in the summer were longer in the winter They varied between ¾ and 1 ¾ modern hours They varied between ¾ and 1 ¾ modern hours

26. By David Tinianow http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/circus_model.jpg