1. Summer Tree ID Made Easy Sanford S. Smith, Ph.D. (“Sandy”) Extension Specialist Natural Resources and Youth Education School of Forest Resources Penn State Cooperative Extension

2. Tree ID, why? Diagnosis Management Right ___ Fun

3. Tree ID Year ‘round

4. What can we use? Sometimes –Leaves –Flowers –Fruit All times (almost) –Bark –Location –Shape –Size –Smell –Taste – TWIG!!!!

5. Leaf Terminology

6. blade leaf midrib petiole stipule bud stem Simple Leaf rachis leaflet petiolule bud Compound Leaf

7. Leaf Types

8. Broad and flat *shallow, wide “v” sinuses in this Red Maple

9. Needles

10. Scale & awl-like

11. Leaf-type Comparison

12. Leaf Arrangement

13. Alternate

14. Opposite

15. Whorled

16. Leaf Arrangement Comparison

17. Leaf Structure

18. Compound Leaflet Arrangements Palmately Compound EvenPinnate Bipinnately Compound

19. Leaf margins Dentate EntireDouble serrate Lobed Serrate

20. Ex) Silver Maple

21. Leave the Leaves!

22. Fruit types Achene Acorn (nut) Double and Single Samara Nut Legume Capsule Pome Drupe Berry

23. Tree Shapes Branches: PendulantAscending Willow White Oak

24. Parts of a twig Buds (scales, size, arrangement) Leaf scars (shape, size, vascular bundle scars) Stipule scars (presence, size) Lenticels (visibility) Pith (cross section shape & longitudinal appearance)

25. Pith types

26. Bud Types

27. Identification Time

28. Tree ID with a Key to the Leaves One decision at a time

29. Identification keys Dichotomous key –most common type of key –simplistic and complex use –one decision at a time –On-line example

30. 4-H Summer Key to PA Trees Direct Online Link: http://downloads.cas.psu.edu/4H/ Summerkeyfortrees.pdf

31. Leaf Terminology blade leaf petiole bud stem Simple Leaf rachis leaflet petiolule bud Compound Leaf

32. Leaf Arrangement Comparison

33. Opposite Branching: “MAD Horse” Maples, Ashes, Dogwoods, Horsechestnuts

34. Lets practice!

36. Hint: opposite

37. Red Maple Acer rubrum *sinus: wide and shallow

38. Red Maple

39. Hint: opposite

40. Sugar Maple Acer saccharum *sinus: U shaped

41. Sugar Maple

42. White Oak Red Oaks = lobed, round margins = lobed, pointy margins includes: Pin, Burr, Scarlet, Penn, Black, Northern Red

43. Hint: alternate

44. Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra * many Oaks similar to Red Oak, all pointy leaves. White Oak has lobed leaves

45. Northern Red Oak

46. Hint: opposite

47. Horse Chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum

48. Horse Chestnut

50. Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis

51. Eastern Hemlock *PA State Tree *has two white lines on each leaflet

52. Hint: lvs. alternate, sap not milky

53. Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia

54. Black Locust

55. Hint: opposite

56. Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida

57. Flowering Dogwood * leaves wavy, wrinkled * prominent veins

58. White OakRed Oak

59. Hint: alternate

60. White Oak Quercus alba * only Oak with no points, rounded lobes

61. White Oak

62. Hint: alternate

63. American Beech Fagus grandifolia

64. American Beech * smooth gray bark, names engraved

65. (one bundle joined by a small papery sheath at base)

66. Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus * 5 needles for 5 five letters in the word “white”

67. Eastern White Pine

68. Clue: alternate, sap not milky

69. Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis

70. Bitternut Hickory

71. Hint: opposite

72. White Ash *opposite arrangement *”MAD Horse” – Maple, Ash, Dogwood & Horsechestnut

73. Hint: alternate / hairy

74. Yellow Birch Betula alleghaniensis

75. Yellow Birch *horizontal grain on bark (on Birch & Cherry trees)

76. Hint: alternate/hairy Sweet (Black) Birch ID Slide

77. Sweet (Black) Birch Betula lenta

78. Sweet (Black) Birch

80. Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana

81. Eastern Redcedar

82. Hint: lvs. alternate, rough, and hairy

83. American Elm Ulmus americana

84. American Elm

85. Hint: 3 lvs. shown, alternate

86. Sassafras Sassafras albidum

87. Sassafras

88. Hint: lvs. alternate

89. Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua

90. Sweetgum

91. Hint: lvs. alternate, milky sap in leaf stalk

92. Norway Maple Acer platanoides

93. Norway Maple

94. Hint: leaves do not have stalks

95. Balsam Fir Abies balsamea

96. Balsam Fir

98. Norway Spruce Picea abies

99. Norway Spruce

100. Balsam Fir Norway Spruce Fir versus Spruce

101. Hint: lvs. alternate, not hairy, margins have fine teeth; leaf stalks have glands. (Single leaf) (Branch)

102. Black Cherry Prunus serotina

103. Black Cherry *Horizontal bark: Birch & Cherry trees

104. Hint: lvs. alternate, sap not milky, leaves hairy

105. Black Walnut Juglans nigra

106. Black Walnut

108. American Larch Larix laricina

109. American Larch

110. Hint: lvs. alternate

111. Yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

112. Yellow-poplar

113. Hint: lvs. alternate, milky sap

114. Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra

115. Smooth Sumac

116. Prepared by Paul Roth, Former Research Assistant, Rance Harmon, Former Extension Associate, and Sanford Smith, Forest Resources Extension Specialist, The Pennsylvania State University, School of Forest Resources & Cooperative Extension Acknowledgements Idea development and review: Jason Hall, Sandra Insalaco, and Cecile Stelter – Service Foresters – Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry Review: James Finley, The Pennsylvania State University School of Forest Resources & Cooperative Extension Images provided courtesy of Virginia Tech & The University of Wisconsin. Line art courtesy of The Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences and the Pennsylvania 4-H Program Reference s Common Trees of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Eastern Region, Knolph, Alfred A. Inc. 1980 Virginia Tech Dendrological Web Page, www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.htmlwww.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/main.html University of Wisconsin, botanical images, www.wisc.edu/botit/dendrology/names.htmlwww.wisc.edu/botit/dendrology/names.html Textbook of Dendrology. Harlow, Harrar & White. 1978. McGraw-Hill Book Company Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. Dirr. Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce. © The Pennsylvania State University, 2009

117. Sanford S. Smith (“Sandy”) sss5@psu.edu 1-800-235-9473

118. Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce