1. Approach Charts and Procedures
Chapter 7 Section A & B
Approach Charts and Procedures

2. Old Chart Format

3. New Chart Format

4. Instrument Approach Procedure
Precision Approach - ILS, PAR
Lateral and Vertical navigation
Nonprecision Approach - VOR, NDB, GPS
Only Lateral navigation

5. Approach Segments Feeder routes
Approach transitions or Terminal routes
THESE ARE NOT PART OF THE ACTUAL PUBLISHED APPROACH!

6. Review Charts Plan View Profile View Missed Approach Minimums
TDZE
HAT - based on TDZE for straight in approaches
HAA - based on airport elevation for circling
TCH
Missed Approach
Minimums
Ground Speed and Time

7. Plan View

8. Profile View

9. Minimums

10. Missed Approach

11. Ground Speed and Time

12. Approach Categories 1.3XVso Baron Vso=75kts 75 X 1.3=97.5
VFR final approach speed short field is 90kts
IFR Approach speed is 120IAS (B)
Minimum IAS Icing conditions is 130IAS (C)

13. Initial Approach Segments
IAF - Must proceed here first (maybe radar vectors)
MVA - 1,000 or 2,000 obstructions clearance
also 300+ above floor of controlled airspace
maybe lower than the MEA or MOCA

14. Initial Approach Segments
Procedure turns or course reversals
May use a holding pattern in lieu of
Max speed is 200 kts IAS

15. Intermediate Approach Segment
IF - Intermediate Fix
Aligned with 30º of final approach course
Usually inbound to the final approach fix

16. Final Approach Segment
FAF
Nonprecision - maybe the VOR or NDB
Precision - is interception of the Glide Slope or Glide Path at a minimum intercept altitude
FAP
Nonprecision - when the VOR or NDB is on the field and you intercept the final approach course inbound (MPR)

17. Final Approach Segment
Timed approaches from a holding fix
Radar service for sequencing traffic is out of service
If you are told to depart the holding fix at a certain time, timed approaches are in progress!
Requirements
Control tower in operation
Direct communication to the approach controller
MAP do not require a course reversal and the weather is greater than the highest prescribed circling minimums for the IAP
When cleared for the IAP NOPT is available

18. Minimum Decent Requirments
DH or DA - Precision
Followed by Min. Visibility and HAT
MDA - Nonprecision
Followed by Min. Visibility and HAT or HAA

19. Final Approach Operations below DH or MDA FAR 91.175 Please Read
Flight visibility not less than required
Aircraft must be continuously in a position to land using normal descents and maneuvers

20. Final Approach One must be distinctly visible and identifiable
Threshold
Threshold markings
Threshold lights
Runway end identifier lights (REIL)
Visual approach slope indicator (VASI or PAPI)
Touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings
Touchdown zone lights
Runway or runway markings
Runway lights

21. Final Approach Approach lighting system (ALSF, MALSR OR SALSR)
If only the approach lighting system is in sight you may descend down to 100ft above TDZE
If the red terminating bars (ALSF-1) or the red side row bars (ALSF-2) are in sight you may land

22. Landing Minimums Visibility and Minimum Altitudes Sidestep Maneuver
Factors include
Approach lighting system
Obstructions
Equipment on board
Approach speed
Straight in or circling
Sidestep Maneuver

23. Stepdowns and VDP’s Stepdown at different approach segments
Only one between FAF and MAP
VDP - Must not leave your MDA before this point!

24. Missed Approach Segment
MAP
DH, VOR, NDB, Time (Based on GS), DME fix
During radar approaches ATC will give you the MAP

25. Minimum Sector Altitude
Minimum safe altitude
Within 25 of a FIX allows 1,000 of obstruction clearance

26. Inoperative Components
An increase in minimum visibility requirements due to inoperative approach lighting systems.
Different types of approaches, different changes
Refer to the inop. component chart

27. Additional Information
ARP - Airport Reference Point - The approximate geometric center of all usable runway surfaces
Details about taxi ways and runway lengths

28. Take-Off Minimums Part 91, Zero-Zero Non-Standard Take-Off Minimums
Rule of thumb, be able to get back into the airport your took off from.
Non-Standard Take-Off Minimums
Weather or IFR Departure Procedure

29. Alternate Required? Always Unless you meet the 123 Rule!
One hour before or after your ETA to destination if weather is greater than a 2000 ft ceiling or 3 statue miles of visibility.
This is voided if your destination airport doesn’t have a IAP.

30. Now we need and Alternate
Standard
Precision
Nonprecision
Nonstandard alternate minimums

31. Types of Approaches Visual approach (Field must be VFR)
Contact approach (Pilot must request)
IAP
Precision
Nonprecision