1. What does it mean for a nation to be independent? Was the United States truly independent after the Revolutionary War? Why or why not? Do Now

2. Why the United States was angry with Britain impressment of American sailors preventing American expansion Different perspectives on going to war wage all out war on land and sea only engage in maritime war take time to prepare for declaring war do not declare war What We Know

3. In June 1812, Congress voted to declare war Which Americans voted FOR war? Which Americans voted AGAINST war? -South and West voted FOR war - Northeast voted AGAINST war What challenges does the United States face? -Paying for war (no Bank of USA, private bankers live in Northeast) - military readiness (7,000 troops, 16 ships!) War begins

4. The United States attacks Canada How did the U.S. military plan to conquer Canada? - Planned attack in 3 directions (Detroit, Niagara Falls, Hudson River Valley) - Oliver Perry – attack British fleet on Lake Erie Was the American army successful? Why/why not? - All three attacks failed! -Oliver Perry gained control of Lake Erie; army unable to use stronghold to gain ground in Canada Military campaign Oh Canada!

5. Pause to Process: Why do you think the United States was so unsuccessful with their invasion of Canada?

6. 1814 – War between British and French ends. What does this mean for America? Britain sends more troops and ships to: raid U.S. cities cut off New England from the rest of the country seize New Orleans and close Mississippi River to western farmers

7. In the process, the British burn down the White House and the Capitol!

8. U.S. forces score victory when British attack Baltimore Events in Baltimore were the inspiration for the Star Spangled Banner!

9. “By the “dawn’s early light” of September 14, 1814, Francis Scott Key, who was aboard a ship several miles distant, could just make out an American flag waving above Fort McHenry. British ships were withdrawing from Baltimore, and Key realized that the United States had survived the battle and stopped the enemy advance. Moved by the sight, he wrote a song celebrating “that star- spangled banner” as a symbol of America’s triumph and endurance. “ http://americanhistory.si.edu/starspangledbanner/a-moment-of-triumph.aspx

10. Spyglass, early 1800s, of the type Key might have used to see the flag flying over Fort McHenry from the British ship on which he was being held. http://americanhistory.si.edu/starspangledbanner/a-moment-of-triumph.aspx

11. Inspired by the sight of the American flag flying over Fort McHenry, Key scribbled the opening lyrics for his song on the back of a letter. Later he completed the four verses on a sheet of paper, probably making more than one copy. http://americanhistory.si.edu/starspangledbanner/a-moment-of-triumph.aspx

12. Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? The Opening Verse

13. What was the Hartford Convention? New England debates independent action Essex Junto – push for seccession Agree to push for Constitutional amendments to protect New England interests Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant? Overwhelming American victory Andrew Jackson = national hero!  nationalism  decline of Federalist Party The war comes to a close

14. Andrew Jackson kicking some British Behind

15. What did the Treaty of Ghent determine? Who won the war? Restored prewar boundaries (no territory exchange) did not address impressment What was the overall impact of the war? Britain and France no longer at war  no more impressment Americans no longer saw Native Americans as a barrier to westward expansion nationalism and patriotism! The war comes to a close

16. The War of 1812 is sometimes called America’s “Second Revolutionary War” Why do you think that is? How did the War of 1812 increase the United States’ prestige? THINK