1. 23 The New Deal A New Deal Fights the Depression
QUIT 23
C H A P T E R
The New Deal
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
SECTION 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
SECTION 2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
SECTION 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
SECTION 4
Culture in the 1930s
SECTION 5
The Impact of the New Deal
GRAPH
VISUAL SUMMARY

2. HOME 23
C H A P T E R
The New Deal
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the impetus for FDR’s New Deal legislations and the impact these policies had on the American nation

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C H A P T E R
The New Deal
I N T E R A C T
W I T H H I S T O R Y
It is 1933, the height of the Great Depression. Thousands of banks and businesses have failed, and a quarter of the adult population is out of work. Now a new president takes office, promising to bring relief to the ailing economy.
How would you begin to revive the economy?
Examine the Issues
• How can the government help failing industries?
• What can be done to ease unemployment?
• What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security?
• How would you get money to pay for your proposed recovery programs?

4. 23 The New Deal The United States The World HOME TIME LINE
C H A P T E R
The New Deal
TIME LINE
The United States
The World
1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated.
1933 Hitler and the Nazi party come to power in Germany.
1934 Congress creates the SEC to regulate the stock market. Indian Reorganization Act is passed.
1935 Congress passes the Social Security Act.
1935 Mussolini leads Italian invasion of Ethiopia. British Parliament passes the Government of India Act.
1936 President Roosevelt is reelected.
1936 Civil war begins in Spain.
1937 Labor unions begin using sit-down strikes.
1937 Japan invades Northern China. Hindenburg disaster
1938 Route 66 is completed, linking Chicago, Illinois, to Los Angeles, California.
1939 The Wizard of Oz is released in movie theaters.
1939 Germany invades Poland.
1940 President Roosevelt is elected a third time.

5. A New Deal Fights the Depression
S E C T I O N 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
HOME
KEY IDEA
President Roosevelt takes many actions to combat the Depression.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

6. A New Deal Fights the Depression
S E C T I O N 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
After becoming president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt used government programs to combat the Depression.
Americans still benefit from programs begun in the New Deal, such as bank and stock market regulations and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
TERMS & NAMES
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• Glass-Steagall Act
• Federal Securities Act
• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• Huey Long
• deficit spending
• New Deal
ASSESSMENT

7. A New Deal Fights the Depression
S E C T I O N 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List problems that President Roosevelt confronted and how he tried to solve them.
Problems
Solutions
Lack of confidence in banks
Bank holiday; treasury inspection; deposit insurance
Low crop prices
Paying farmers to slow crop production
Massive unemployment
Federal work programs
continued . . .

8. A New Deal Fights the Depression
S E C T I O N 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which do you consider the most important? Think About:
• the type of assistance offered by each program
• the scope of each program
• the impact of each program
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
The FDIC boosted confidence in banks
The CCC provided aid for unemployment and helped the environment.
continued . . .

9. A New Deal Fights the Depression
S E C T I O N 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. Do you think Roosevelt was wrong to try to “pack” the Supreme Court with those in favor of the New Deal?
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
No: Given the crisis of the Depression, it was necessary for FDR to restructure the Court.
Yes: FDR’s proposed “Court-packing bill” would violate principles of judicial independence and the separation of powers.
continued . . .

10. A New Deal Fights the Depression
S E C T I O N 1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. The New Deal has often been referred to as a turning point in American history. Cite examples to explain why.
ANSWER
The New Deal helped the failing banking system, restored people’s hope in the future, provided assistance to farmers and those in need of housing, and provided people with jobs.
End of Section 1

11. The Second New Deal Takes Hold
S E C T I O N 2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
HOME
KEY IDEA
The Second New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

12. The Second New Deal Takes Hold
S E C T I O N 2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Second New Deal included new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy.
Second New Deal programs continue to assist homebuyers, farmers, workers, and the elderly in the 2000s.
TERMS & NAMES
• Social Security Act
• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• National Youth Administration
• Wagner Act
ASSESSMENT

13. The Second New Deal Takes Hold
S E C T I O N 2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Discuss how groups such as farmers, the unemployed, youth, and retirees were helped by Second New Deal programs.
Second New Deal
Group
How Helped
Farmers
Second Agricultural Adjustment Act, Farm Security Administration, Rural Electrification Administration
Unemployed
Works Progress Administration, Social Security Administration, National Youth Administration
Labor
Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act
Retirees
Social Security Act
continued . . .

14. The Second New Deal Takes Hold
S E C T I O N 2
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Why might the Social Security Act be considered the most important achievement of the New Deal? Think About:
• the types of relief needed in the 1930s
• alternatives to government assistance to the elderly, the unemployed, and the disabled
• the scope of the act
ANSWER
The Social Security Act provided immediate aid to the unemployed, the elderly, the disabled, and families with dependent children. It was the New Deal program with the largest scope, affecting thousands of people, over many years.
End of Section 2

15. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
S E C T I O N 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
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KEY IDEA
New Deal policies and actions affect Americans in all walks of life. The Democratic Party forms a new political coalition.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

16. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
S E C T I O N 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups.
The New Deal made a lasting impact on increasing the government’s role in the struggle for equal rights.
TERMS & NAMES
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• New Deal coalition
• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
• John Collier
• Frances Perkins
ASSESSMENT

17. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
S E C T I O N 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Note the effects of New Deal policies on American women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and unionized workers.
Effects of New Deal
Women
African Americans
Mexican Americans
Native Americans
Unionized workers
Appointment of John Collier and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Aided by some New Deal programs but received less help than others
Appointment of Frances Perkins as first female cabinet member
Appointee Mary McLeod Bethune and the “Black Cabinet”
The Wagner Act and other prolabor legislation
continued . . .

18. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
S E C T I O N 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. What steps did women make toward equality during the 1930s? Think About:
• the role of women in government
• hiring practices in federal programs
• women’s opportunities in business and industry
ANSWER
Women appointed to government positions; more women employed outside the home; expanding opportunities in the workplace; women activists and organizers
continued . . .

19. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
S E C T I O N 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. In your opinion, did organized labor become too powerful in the 1930s? Think About:
• why workers joined unions
• how unions organized workers
• the role of unions in politics
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
Yes: Strikes interfered with business and labor disputes and sometimes resulted in violence.
No: Unionization resulted in better working conditions.
continued . . .

20. The New Deal Affects Many Groups
S E C T I O N 3
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. Why did urban voters support President Roosevelt?
ANSWER
New Deal labor and relief programs helped the urban poor. Roosevelt made direct appeals to urban voters during his campaign.
End of Section 3

21. 4 Culture in the 1930s KEY IDEA
S E C T I O N 4
Culture in the 1930s
HOME
KEY IDEA
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all blossom during the period of the New Deal.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

22. 4 Culture in the 1930s OVERVIEW
S E C T I O N 4
Culture in the 1930s
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature blossomed during the New Deal.
The films, music, art, and literature of the 1930s still captivate today’s public.
TERMS & NAMES
• Gone With the Wind
• Richard Wright
• The Grapes of Wrath
• Grant Wood
• Orson Welles
ASSESSMENT

23. Orson Welles, Bob Hope, Jack Benny, Burns and Allen
S E C T I O N 4
Culture in the 1930s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Fill in the names of those who contributed to each aspect of American culture in the 1930s.
Writers
Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, James T. Farrell, John Steinbeck, Thorton Wilder
Radio Stars
Movie Stars
Orson Welles, Bob Hope, Jack Benny, Burns and Allen
Clark Gable, Marlene Dietrich, James Cagney, Vivien Leigh, Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers
Painters
Edward Hopper,
Thomas Hart Benton,
Grant Wood
continued . . .

24. S E C T I O N 4
Culture in the 1930s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. What type of movies do you think might have been produced if the government had supported moviemaking as part of the New Deal?
ANSWER
Movies that focused on social and political accomplishments, and documentaries about the Dust Bowl and the Depression.
continued . . .

25. S E C T I O N 4
Culture in the 1930s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. How did the entertainment industry affect the economy?
ANSWER
Entertainment, especially movies and radio, was a lucrative industry during the Depression. New movie theatres had regular patrons; nearly 90 percent of Americans owned radios by 1940.
continued . . .

26. S E C T I O N 4
Culture in the 1930s
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. In your opinion, what were the main benefits of government support for art and literature in the 1930s? Think About:
• the experiences of Americans in the Great Depression
• the writers who got their start through the FWP
• the subject matter of WPA murals and other New Deal-sponsored art
ANSWER
Writers produced literature about the hardships and daily struggle of the American people during the 1930s. New Deal art produced a written and pictorial legacy of the Depression years. The government provided writers and artists with the opportunity to create. The arts became more accessible to the public.
End of Section 4

27. The Impact of the New Deal
S E C T I O N 5
The Impact of the New Deal
GRAPH
HOME
KEY IDEA
The New Deal affects American society not only in the 1930s but also in the decades that follow.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

28. The Impact of the New Deal
S E C T I O N 5
The Impact of the New Deal
GRAPH
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The New Deal affected American society not only in the 1930s but also in the decades that followed.
Americans still debate over how large a role government should play in American life.
TERMS & NAMES
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
• parity
ASSESSMENT

29. The Impact of the New Deal
S E C T I O N 5
The Impact of the New Deal
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List four long-term effects of the New Deal.
National Labor Relations Board mediates labor disputes.
Securities and Exchange Commission monitors the stock market.
New Deal’s Long-Term Effects
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures accounts up to $100,000.
Social Security provides assistance to eligible citizens.
continued . . .

30. The Impact of the New Deal
S E C T I O N 5
The Impact of the New Deal
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Some critics have charged that the New Deal was antibusiness and anti-free enterprise. Explain why you agree or disagree with this charge. Think About:
• the expanded power of the federal government
• the New Deal’s effect on the economy
• the New Deal’s effect on the American people
ANSWER
Agree: The New Deal weakened free enterprise business by increasing regulations, taxes, union membership, and wages.
Disagree: It increased government spending, improved the economy, provided hope, and aided free enterprise.
continued . . .

31. The Impact of the New Deal
S E C T I O N 5
The Impact of the New Deal
GRAPH
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was as a president?
ANSWER
Success: Roosevelt’s New Deal programs addressed the crisis of the Depression and helped the country recover.
Failure: Roosevelt did not support civil rights for African Americans. New Deal legislation stifled free enterprise and individual initiative.
End of Section 5