1. NeoPoxy 50-Year Design Life Structures Using Traditional Materials An engineering design guide for economical long-life rehabilitation construction and protection. David H. Johnson, President, NeoPoxy Corp.

2. Why Use A 50 Year PureEpoxy Structural Design? Eliminate Failures Enhance Host Structure Receive Long-Term Value 25-Year Proven Design 50-Year Materials Experience 34 Foot Structural Liner – One of 43 Units –

3. Why Use PureEpoxy? Seamless, Monolithic Protection Impervious to H 2 S Unaffected by Caustic or Acid ASTM Designs Liner After 4 Year Exposure To Severe H 2 S

4. Why Use An ASTM Design? ASTM Is A National Standard Third Party Testing Requirement 25 Years, CIPP Pipe Design Success 25 Years, No Corrosion Failures 25 Years, No Structural Failures Reliable, Conservative & Predictable

5. ASTM Liner Design Inputs Flexural Modulus: Short-Term Bending Resistance Creep Reduction: Long-Term Modulus Reduction Structure Ovality: Percent Out-of-Round Enhancement Factor: Tightness of Fit to Host Poisson’s Ratio: Thinning While In Tensile Pull Hydrostatic Loads: Known Ground Water Forces

6. ASTM F1216 Wall Thickness Design P = groundwater load k = enhacement factor E L = long term flexural modulus v = Poissons ratio SDR = standard dimensional ratio C = ovality reduction factor N = safety factor Epoxy’s Recognized Bonding Characteristics Provides A Massive Safety Factor ASTM F1216-98 “Partially Deteriorated” Design Formula Thickness increases with load

7. Recognized Corrosion Resistance Requirements 10% Sulfuric Acid 5% Nitric Acid 10% Phosphoric Acid Gasoline Tap Water 31% Sulfuric Acid** 5% Sodium Hydroxide 5% Ammonium Hydroxide 1% Nitric Acid 1% Sodium Hypochlorite ASTM F1216-95City of Los Angeles* *121 days in full Immersion – ** 700% LOWER than pH-1 NPR-5300 Epoxy EXCEEDED All Corrosion Performance Requirements

8. Typical 4’ ID Manhole Wall Thickness Increasing Thickness With Greater Load 0.25” (250 mils) Avg. Water Table 10’ of water= 0.44” 20’ = of water 0.55” 30’ = of water 0.63”

9. ASTM F1216 Wall Thickness vs.. Hydrostatic Load Wall thickness design increases from 0.25” after the water table is reached Partially Deteriorated Design NPR-5300

10. PureEpoxy Liners 100% Solids, No VOC’s No Solvents Low Odors No Shrinkage Moisture Tolerant Cures Underwater Environmentally Friendly

11. The Solution That Works DIRECT-TO-AGGREGATE BONDING

12. Direct-To-Aggregate Advantages Cement is the “weakest link” of manhole materials. Smooth with cement minimally in joints & larger holes. Direct-To-Aggregate bonding is the strongest, most reliable design. Like sandblasting, it increases surface area and increases pull-off strength.

13. Bonding To Aggregate Aggregate Does Not Corrode Perfect Adhesion Surface Deeply Anchored 3-D Encapsulated Aggregate Atomic-Level Chemical Adhesion Perfect Bond & Seal Insures that minor cleaning issues do not impact 50 year service life

14. Design & Benefits Bonded Beam Design Flexural Modulus Driven Adhesion Is Greater Than Strength of Substrate Cannot Peel Cannot Blister Cannot Buckle Groundwater

15. Water Load Bearing Assumption: One square inch aggregate spacing AND no adhesion to mortar. Fact: The minimum force to pull off one square inch of embedded aggregate is 200 psi or 462 feet of hydrostatic head. 462’ Water Head Force

16. Mechanical Benefits Impact Tolerant Aggregate Protects Substrate Scratches & Nicks Rarely Reach Cement Aggregate Acts As Corrosion Restrictor Any Damage Easily Field Repairable

17. New Pipe Connections 1) Cut hole 2) Seal against any incoming water 3) Finish With Epoxy Seal Insert Pipe Break through concrete

18. Additional Pipe Connections 1) Cut hole 2) Seal against any incoming water 3) Finish With Epoxy Seal Finished Seal Connection With Epoxy

19. Preparation & Lining Water Blast @ 3500-5000 psi Confirm Surface pH of 6 - 9 Fill & Patch With Cement or Epoxy Apply 250 Mils Epoxy Liner * Direct To Aggregate SIMPLE and Reliable!

20. How Does Ambient Cure Epoxy Improve Long-Term Performance? Thermal coefficient of expansion and contraction causes heat cured materials to contract during cool down. Ambient cure epoxy stays physically “tuned” to the substrate for maximum adhesion and a 50-year life expectancy. No annulus for an H 2 S penetration path.

21. Chimney Seal Epoxy 500% Elongation Traffic Loads OK Freeze-Thaw OK Joints & Seams OK Permanently stops infiltration at rings, seals & moving joints. One step process

22. Significant Design Points 50-Year Designs are the most economical, reliable rehabilitation solutions. Third Party testing combined with an ASTM design insures that liners perform throughout their 50-year design life. Direct To Aggregate bonding is the strongest, best long- term solution for a conservative 50-year design life.

23. Cost/Benefit Advantages Mobilization Costs remain the same as for other methods. Only material costs change, and for only a small percentage increase you get real “meat on the bone.” 50-Year Design provides a reliable assurance of performance. Lowest Lifetime Maintenance Costs

24. Other NeoPoxy Products Potable Water Structural Lining Systems Heat & Chemical Resistant Epoxy to 300°F Environmental Epoxy for Sewer & Storm Toll Free 800-767-3746

25. www.NeoPoxy.com (925) 560-1500 Thank YOU! Thank you for visiting our web site. Please come back again for updates