1. The Rise of Islam
Chapter 11 Section 1

2. Geography Arabian Peninsula borders: East: Persian Gulf West: Red Sea
North: Syrian Desert
South: Arabian Sea
Most of Arabian Peninsula is desert.

4. Early Arabs Bedouins: Nomads who herded sheep and camels.
Couldn’t grow crops.
Sheikh: leader of the Tribe.
Cities began to appear along the coast (Mecca)
Trade routes established (Caravans).

5. Muhammad Caravan Trader in Mecca
40 years old: believed the Angel Jibreel spoke to Muhammad
He was to be a prophet of Allah
Received teaching and revelations from Allah.

6. Muhammad Meets Resistance
Merchants of Mecca harassed Muhammad. Believed:
His thoughts/ideas disrupted their authority
One god, Not Polytheistic
People would stop coming to the Kaaba
Stone building filled with idols that people worshipped

15. Hijrah 622 A.D. Mecca Yathrib Yathrib becomes Medina
Known as the Hijrah (Flight)
Yathrib becomes Medina
“City of Prophets”
Muhammad's teaching spread throughout the Peninsula.
Including Mecca

17. Back to Mecca 630 A.D.- Muhammad travels back to Mecca.
Rededicated the Kaaba to worship Allah.
632 A.D.- Muhammad dies
Converted most people in the Middle East and N. Africa to a new religion: ISLAM

18. Beliefs in Islam One God (Allah) Followers of Islam: Muslims
Islam= submission to God
Followers of Islam: Muslims
2nd Largest religion in the world: Growing
Majority live in N. Africa, Asia and E. Europe.

19. Muslim World Population

20. Qur’an: Holy book of Islam
Word of Allah received by Muhammad
Sacred guide for all people.
Written in Arabic: Common language of Muslims.
Teaching include:
Live humble lives, tolerance and generosity, no pork or alcohol
Also includes the 5 Pillars of Islam

21. 5 Pillars of Islam Profession of Faith Five Daily Prayers
Only one God (Allah)
Muhammad: Messenger of God
Five Daily Prayers
Face the direction of Mecca

22. Fasting during Ramadan
Paying Zakat
Annual tax to help the poor.
Fasting during Ramadan
Eat/Drink nothing from sunrise to sunset
Importance of self-discipline

23. Pilgrimage to Mecca Make the trek at least once
Meet to pray/perform rituals

24. Rituals of the Hajj

25. The Jamraat (Stoning the Pillar)
Plain of Arafat
The Jamraat (Stoning the Pillar)

26. Jihad: “Struggle to defend faith.”
Die for the struggle: Rewarded in Heaven.

27. Mosques Muslim’s place of worship
No furnishings, only mats to kneel on for prayer.
Men who are trained in the Qur’an lead prayers
Noon on Fridays: gather for prayer.
Women: in most Islamic Culture, pray at home/ segregated in the Mosque