1. Islamic Civilization Byzantine Empire Damascus Baghdad Jerusalem
Arabian Peninsula
Medina
Mecca
Islamic Civilization

3. Basics of Islam Origins Beliefs Spread Deity: Allah (God)
Prophet: Muhammad
Where: Northern Africa, Southwest Asia, Southern Spain
Holy Book:
Quran
Holy Cities: Mecca
Medina
Jerusalem
Moral Code:
5 pillars
When:
A.D.
Other Holy People: same as Judaism & Christianity

4. Factors that Enabled Islam to Spread Over Great Distances Despite Harsh Environments
Islam becomes a major religion in less than 100 years.
Trade Routes
Nomadic Lifestyle
Weak Neighbors
Nomadic Lifestyle
Herders and traders spread the word
Trade Routes
Crossroads of Asian, European, and African land and sea trade.
Weak Neighbors
Persian & Roman Empires had collapsed and Byzantine Empire was declining

5. Language Social Structure
A Short-Lived Empire Due to the many internal, political conflicts of the Muslim Empire, its territory did not stay unified for very long. However, Islamic culture remained a common bond amongst politically divided lands.
Language
Social Structure
Name: Arabic
Why this language: language of Quran
Benefits: easier communication and trade between different cultures
Levels: 1. Muslims Converted Muslims Jews and Christians Non-Muslims
Benefits: All areas under Islamic influence had same classes. Rights given to all “People of the Book.”

6. Succession– would should be leader
Damascus is conquered by Muslims.
Historical Turning Points of the Islamic World A caliphate is territory ruled by a caliph.
Jerusalem is conquered by the Muslims.
As “People of the Book”, Jews and Christians are accepted, not forced to convert.
Many Jews return to Jerusalem after being exiled by the Byzantines and others.
Capital
Trade & learning
DAMASCUS
1st CALIPHATE
JERUSALEM
successor
Succession– would should be leader
Sunni & Shia
THE SPLIT

7. Islam to stop spreading North
Caliphs spread Islam through Northern Africa into Spain.
Historical Turning Points of the Islamic World
French
Islam to stop spreading North
BATTLE OF TOURS
Capital
Population increases
Trade & learning
Mongols create the largest empire in history.
Mongols destroyed Baghdad & executed the caliph.
Brief Mongol rule. Eventually the Ottoman Turks control much Muslim land.
2nd CALIPHATE
BAGHDAD
2nd CALIPHATE ENDS

8. Cultural Achievements of Islamic Civilization Fill in the spaces with detailed information using pages 235, 236, & 246 in your textbook.
Architecture
Writing
Mosque
Purpose:
Prayer hall where Muslims
free themselves from worldly
concerns
Features:
Most have domes and minarets
Dome of the Rock
City:
Jerusalem
Location in City:
Temple Mount
Arabic Alphabet
1. 28 letters, not pictures
2. Written right to left
3. Uniform writing in
conquered areas
Calligraphy
Definition:
Artistic handwriting
Purpose:
Preservation of The Koran

9. Intellectual Achievements of Islamic Civilization
Education
Science
Medicine
Used ancient knowledge and scientific understanding to find new solutions to old problems.
Astronomy & Geography
Increased trade = more knowledge of land/water
Need for precise prayer schedules & direction = astronomical advancements
Translations
Purpose for translating ancient texts to Arabic: was to preserve the Koran
Universities
Much emphasis on learning because it improved understanding of the Koran
Arabic Numerals
Adopted from Indians, including the concept of zero, and later used by Europeans.
Math
Algebra
Muslim scholars discovered many of the basics of Algebra