1. FOR INVESTIGATIVE PURPOSES

2.  WHAT IS THE FTIR?  WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?  WHY USE THIS INSTRUMENT AS PER OTHERS?  MORE INSIDE INFORMATION ON FTIR INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IS FTIR?  FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY  MEASURES INFRA RED RADIATION BETWEEN THE RANGE 450cm-1 TO 4000cm-1 or (2,500 nm to 22,000 nm) PURPOSES?

4. HOW ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE IR WORKS

5.  Other techniques that were used in the past gave false negative and false positive results for the presence of blood  This instrument is easier to use as per the salt plate FTIR REASON FOR USING THIS INSTRUMENT

6. OBJECTIVES  Test for the presence of blood under certain conditions Burning blood Serial dilution of blood Denaturing by using bleach Aging over a period of time

7. THE SPECTRA OF BLOOD -COOH -NH- -C-H Stretch

8. METHODS  Aging Blood Prepare slides with blood drop on each. Date them Place a drop by itself on the spectrometer to analyze spectra on the first day Leave the other slides to dry When retesting it, wet a swab with distilled water and swab as much blood onto the swab Dab it onto the spectrometer and run the spectra

9. RESULTS OF AGED BLOOD

10. METHODS  Serial Dilution Obtain 10ml of blood Pipette 9ml from the 10ml and then add 1ml water After this dilution obtain another 9ml of the previous sample and add another 1ml of water Shake well after adding water to each sample Repeat process 4 times

11. RESULTS OF SERIAL DILUTION

13. METHODS  Burning Blood Get a watch glass and place a drop of blood on top Get a ring stand with clamp and set it up with the watch glass on top of the clamp Light a Bunsen burner and burn the sample until it turns completely black and unnoticeable as blood Wet a swab with water then swab the sample Use FTIR to test the sample

14. RESULTS OF BURNING BLOOD

15. METHODS  Bleaching Blood Obtain a test tube and a bottle of bleach Place 0.5ml of blood into the test tube using a Pipette Fill the test tube half way with bleach Stir the solution in the test tube Pipette some of the sample from the tube and test it on the FTIR spectrometer

16. RESULTS FOR BLEACHED BLOOD

17. CONCLUSION  The instrument is reliable in detecting the presence of blood under all four conditions, however it does not detect a simultaneous trend with aged blood  Easier to move around

18. REFERENCES  Charlotte-Maria Orphanou BSc (Hons), D. H. (n.d.). A Preliminary Investigation into the use of FTIR Spectroscopy. Retrieved from Staffordshire University: http://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/FSSocPoster_tcm44-55830.pdf  Edita Botonjic-Sehic, C. W. (2009, February 1). Forensic Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Aging of Bloodstains. Retrieved from Advanstar: http://www.spectroscopyonline.com/spectroscopy/Near-IR+Spectroscopy/Forensic-Application-of- Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/583780?contextCategoryId=36822  Sciences, P. L. (n.d.). FT-IR Spectroscopy: Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). Retrieved from Perkin Elmer : http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~traceslab/ATR_FTIR.pdf  Serology: Blood and Other Bodily Fluids. (2013). Retrieved from Indigent Defense Services: http://www.ncids.com/forensic/serology/serology.shtml  Stephen L. Morgan, P. M. (2011, July). Rapid Visualization of Biological Fluids at Crime. Retrieved from NCJRS: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235286.pdf